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Telangana
Strata Control Problems Encountered and Support Designing in One of the Incline Tunnel While Driven in Coal Measure Rocks: A Case Study
Bagde, M. N. (CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur Research Center) | Sangode, A. G. (CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur Research Center) | Jhanwar, J. C. (CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur Research Center) | Buragohain, J. (CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research) | Kumar, Ajit (CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research)
Abstract The incline tunnel in coal measure rocks in one of the oldest underground mine in southern part of the India is being driven. Keeping in view the long-term planning, it is proposed to install haulage-cum-belt conveyor in this incline to reach and facilitate operation of the major King seam. The extensive scientific studies are carried out which included field data collection, joint mapping and rock mass characterization etc. Also study included observation of the failure pattern at the site and the laboratory testing on the various types of rock cores obtained from the drilled borehole for the purpose. Analysis of obtained data is carried out and with the help of various empirical and mathematical approaches available in vogue towards rock mass classification and accordingly, support is estimated. It is found that coal measure rocks, particularly sandstone including clay bands, have low strength and stiffness parameters. Keeping in view field conditions encountered and failure zone created at the site, steel girders in tandem with other support system as well as alternative excavation methodology is planned based on the various types of scientific studies carried out. 1 Introduction The case study presented herein is of the oldest underground mine of M/s SCCL situated in Kothagudem area, Khammam district of state Telangana. As a part of re-organization of this mine, D-shaped incline tunnel of 910 m length with 4.8 m width and 3.0 m height is being driven. The gradient of the incline tunnel is 1 in 4.2. It is proposed to install haulage-cum-belt conveyor to reach and facilitate operation of the King seam. The extensive scientific studies are carried out which included field data collection, rock mass characterization and joint mapping etc. The observations of the failure zone, laboratory testing on the various types of rock cores, analysis of obtained data and application of various empirical and mathematical approaches towards rock mass classification and support estimation etc is also included. The obtained results from the laboratory testing have corroborated difficulties encountered during the excavation of the incline tunnel in coal measure rocks. The rockmass strata is comprised of various types of sandstone, clay bands including other coal measures rocks has shown a tendency of washing away and loosening their load bearing capacity. This characteristics of the rock mass has formed cavities extending vertically and also laterally of significant size. The excavation methodology, which considered stand-up time and unsupported span using Bieniawski's RMR, is found most suitable in the given circumstances. Keeping in view field conditions are encountered and failure zone created at the site, ISMB 250 steel beams as a permanent support in addition to the alternative excavation methodologies is planned based on the various studies carried out and is presented in this paper.
Bieniawski, borehole, cavity, Coal Mining, coarse grained sandstone, estimation, excavation, incline tunnel, ismb 250, knowledge management, metals & mining, operation, Reservoir Characterization, reservoir geomechanics, RMR, sandstone, seam, strata control problem encountered, structural geology, uni-axial compressive strength, unsupported span, Upstream Oil & Gas
SPE Disciplines:
Abstract Piezo based transducers are considered smart sensors in contemporary structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies due to their dual functionality of both actuation and sensing. This function can be used to extract structural impedance in the form of electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) from any host structure over which they are bonded. Further, these sensors are capable of acquiring acoustic emissions (AE) as well. In the present study, an attempt has been executed to use thin piezo based transducers for acquiring EMI signatures and AE from a sand-stone specimen under compression. The load has been applied in stages and after every stage load has been reduced to zero. The EMI signatures for damage state have been recorded sequentially and have been compared with the baseline signature. The transducers used are thin Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patches of dimensions 10×10×0.2 mm. The acoustic emissions generated are recorded in low frequency range of 20 Hz-22 kHz, which covers 90% of emitted events in geological materials. In a comprehensive manner, the results are promising and indicate capability of a single PZT patch in condition monitoring of rocks using both EMI technique and AE method. 1. Introduction The use of smart sensor-networks for monitoring the structures under construction is the new emerging trend in the field of construction technology. The underground structures are now becoming complex in designs just like any super-structure rather than simple caverns and tunnels. The increase in design complexity raises the bar for their safe construction. Underground structures are designed mostly safe against natural calamities like earthquakes and landslides however, most of the accidents occur during the construction period. In 2017, a tunnel of Kaleshwaram large irrigation project in Telangana collapsed (Fig.la) while construction killing seven workers at the spot. It was suspected that absence of the rock bolts to hold the destabilized rock led to this accident. In another incident in 2016, a tunnel roof collapse confined three workers alive for nine days in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh while construction. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) could survive only two of them alive (Fig.1b). A smart monitoring system should include both global and local monitoring techniques. It should be easy and quick to install to reduce the overall construction time. It should provide early warnings against upcoming issues so that preventive measures can be taken in time. Use of wave propagation for damage detection is one of the fastest technique in comparison to the other available techniques. However, rocks and concrete being non-homogeneous are difficult to be monitored rather than metallic structures which are homogeneous (Park et al., 2006).
ISRM-ARMS10-2018-234
Country:
- Asia > India > Telangana (0.25)
- Asia > India > Himachal Pradesh (0.24)
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