Syria

Impact of Sanction Laws

SPE WebsiteMarch, 2022

Impact of Sanction Laws SPE must comply with all applicable sanction laws, including those of the US and European Union which prohibit personnel and nationals of certain countries (including the US) living abroad, from providing or assisting in the provision of certain services to individuals "ordinarily resident in" an embargoed or sanctioned country1. For example, under US law, SPE may provide to members residing in embargoed or sanctioned countries only those membership benefits related to information or informational materials or that are otherwise authorized under applicable sanction laws, including regulations administered by the ("OFAC"), licenses, and interpretations issued pursuant thereto. The list below indicates which membership benefits are permitted under, versus those benefits which SPE may not offer in order to comply with, applicable sanction laws. There are a number of services/benefits that may be provided to SPE members in countries sanctioned by the US and/or the EU (e.g., Iran, Cuba, North Korea and Syria) because these activities relate to the provision of informational materials and thus are not limited by applicable US and/or EU sanction laws. These permitted services/benefits include: Geographic section membership in non-sanctioned countries OnePetro subscriptions or purchases Individual membership queries Individual membership benefits for publications, published technical papers and informational matter Attendance at SPE meetings, conferences, and workshops (cannot be an exhibitor) SPE books and periodicals (print and electronic) Information on SPE.org Information on energy4me.org

SPE Website

applicable sanction law, country passport, information, Membership Benefit, membership development appreciation award participation, nico van wingen fellowship henry, non-permanent visa, north america government, participation, regional student paper contest participation, service benefit, SPE member, united states government, Upstream Oil & Gas

Country:

North America > United States (1.00)
Asia > Middle East > Syria (0.26)
Asia > Middle East > Iran (0.26)

Industry:

Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Education (1.00)
Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.54)

SPE Disciplines: Management > Professionalism, Training, and Education (1.00)

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Industrialization and Energy Services Company "TAQA": The Enabler of Energy

Journal of Petroleum TechnologyFebruary, 2022

TAQA aims to actively contribute to Saudi Vision 2030 of creating a more diverse and sustainable economy through localization of the Energy Ecosystem in Saudi and the MENA region. TAQA's strategy and direction are centered on its stakeholders, Customers, Shareholders and People. The company's ambition is to become a recognized leader in managing integrated projects in the Middle East-North Africa by providing technical services across the life cycle of oilfields as well as offering unique technologies for Geothermal and Carbon Underground storage projects playing a major role in the decarbonization efforts in the MENA region. With its TAQA-2021 strategy, the company aspire to continue strengthening its technical portfolio by acquiring more technology companies, as well as expanding its operations globally into new geographies and markets. Of the TAQA strategy objectives is to create a strong digitalization and innovation platforms as well as expand its operations into renewable and sustainable energies.

Journal of Petroleum Technology

acquisition, customer, enabler, energy service company, MENA region, operation, portfolio, renewable energy, Saudi Arabia, social responsibility, stakeholder, sustainability, sustainable development, TAQA, Upstream Oil & Gas

Country:

Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (1.00)
Europe > Middle East > Malta > Mediterranean Sea (0.83)
Europe > Middle East > Cyprus > Mediterranean Sea (0.83)
(19 more...)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.97)

SPE Disciplines:

Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (0.98)

Technology: Information Technology (0.38)

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Impact of Sanction Laws

SPE WebsiteNovember, 2021

SPE must comply with all applicable sanction laws, including those of the US and European Union which prohibit personnel and nationals of certain countries (including the US) living abroad, from providing or assisting in the provision of certain services to individuals "ordinarily resident in" an embargoed or sanctioned country1. For example, under US law, SPE may provide to members residing in embargoed or sanctioned countries only those membership benefits related to information or informational materials or that are otherwise authorized under applicable sanction laws, including regulations administered by the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), licenses, and interpretations issued pursuant thereto. The list below indicates which membership benefits are permitted under, versus those benefits which SPE may not offer in order to comply with, applicable sanction laws. There are a number of services/benefits that may be provided to SPE members in countries sanctioned by the US and/or the EU (e.g., Iran, Cuba, North Korea and Syria) because these activities relate to the provision of informational materials and thus are not limited by applicable US and/or EU sanction laws. Geographic section membership in non-sanctioned countries OnePetro subscriptions or purchases Individual membership queries Individual membership benefits for publications, published technical papers and informational matter Attendance at SPE meetings, conferences, and workshops (cannot be an exhibitor) SPE books and periodicals (print and electronic) Information on SPE.org Information on energy4me.org

SPE Website

applicable sanction law, country passport, information, Membership Benefit, nico van wingen fellowship henry, non-permanent visa, north america government, participation, regional student paper contest participation, service benefit, SPE, SPE member, united states government, Upstream Oil & Gas

Country:

North America > United States (1.00)
Asia > Middle East > Iran (0.40)
Asia > Middle East > Syria (0.26)

Industry:

Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines: Management > Professionalism, Training, and Education (1.00)

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Abstract Fast-track engineering to expeditiously deploy new technologies in upstream oil and gas heavily relies on timely agreement and synergy between the engineering team and stakeholders on (1) tool architecture (2) operational envelope and wellbore environment (3) qualification criteria(s) and overall verification & validation (V&V) strategy, among others which lead to the product specifications. Here we present a "Case Study" where two new technologies, were engineered to order for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions: a first-generation Pressure-Temperature (P-T) flowable sensor from our "Teleo" product line, and a multilayered water reactive plug for multi-stage stimulation (MSS) and acid frac, designed from bulk ultrafine-grained light alloys and water reactive, nanocomposites.

OnePetro

doi: 10.4043/31118-MS

OTC

OTC-31118-MS

Offshore Technology Conference

Country:

Europe > Middle East > Malta > Mediterranean Sea (0.62)
Europe > Middle East > Cyprus > Mediterranean Sea (0.62)
Asia > Middle East > Yemen (0.62)
(19 more...)

Genre: Overview > Innovation (0.54)

Industry:

Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.46)

SPE Disciplines:

Well Drilling (1.00)
Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
(4 more...)

Technology: Information Technology (1.00)

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The Simulation and Pilot Application of Low Salinity Water Flooding for Offshore Low Permeability Reservoir

Shi, Hongfu (CNOOC) | Liu, Yingxian (CNOOC) | He, Yifan (CNOOC) | Xu, Wankun (CNOOC)

OnePetroMarch, 2021

Abstract The use of LSWF (Low Salinity Water Flooding) is becoming more prevalent in recent years which can both improve the recovery factor and reduce the cost compared to other EOR (enhanced oil recovery) technics. This is especially important for the offshore oilfield development at present. Moreover, good quality of injected water is more applicable to low permeability sand which is characterized as smaller pore-throat radius and is easier damaged. Therefore, LSWF technology is proposed to address the above production problem while reduce the investment of equipment upgrade. In this paper, we presented the optimization and implementation of LSWF for offshore low permeability reservoir. Firstly, we provided a critical review of LSWF included the main mechanisms, laboratory test and field effect. Secondly, we designed and conducted several laboratory core flood tests. Thirdly, a lot of synthetic models were established to simulate the effects of LSWF and to optimize the field program. Finally, the production performance of the pilot wells was discussed. After LSWF, the water injection well presents the phenomenon of "scissors" - the injection pressure drops significantly below the safety pressure while the injection volume increases. Moreover, the decline of pilot well groups decreased by 20% ~ 26% compared with non-water flooded. The estimated recovery factor increased by 12%, which is consistent with other field tests worldwide. In summary, LSWF is a feasible, neconomic and efficient method for offshore low permeability reservoir production.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2523/IPTC-21257-MS

IPTC

IPTC-21257-MS

International Petroleum Technology Conference

Country:

Asia > Middle East > Syria (0.28)
North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.28)
Asia > Middle East > Kuwait (0.28)

Industry:

Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (0.37)

Oilfield Places:

North America > United States > Montana > Target Field (0.99)
Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > East Shetland Basin > PL 375 > Block 34/7 > Snorre Field > Statfjord Group (0.99)
Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > East Shetland Basin > PL 375 > Block 34/7 > Snorre Field > Lunde Formation (0.99)
(18 more...)

SPE Disciplines:

Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Waterflooding (1.00)

Technology: Information Technology (0.48)

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What Role Will LNG Play in Balancing Gas Demand in the MENA Region?

Journal of Petroleum TechnologyDecember, 2020

The complete paper analyzes the role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in balancing the natural gas demand in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region. Natural gas increasingly is becoming a main energy source in the region. Contrary to widely held belief, several countries in MENA could fall into deficit regarding their self-supply of gas, leading to the need to import. The options of supply are through pipeline networks, or LNG. The global LNG pricing mechanism is changing toward flexible market-related methods that might encourage some countries to switch to LNG supplies.

Journal of Petroleum Technology

Country:

Europe > Middle East > Malta > Mediterranean Sea (1.00)
Europe > Middle East > Cyprus > Mediterranean Sea (1.00)
Asia > Middle East > Yemen (1.00)
(19 more...)

Genre: Research Report (0.71)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines: Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)

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Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Entrapped Air on Liquid Impact

Wei, Z. J. (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) | Shen, L. M. (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) | Du, X. P. (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) | Wang, Z. M. (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) | Zhai, G. J. (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology)

OnePetroNovember, 2020

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the effect of the entrapped air on liquid impact, a series of experiments are designed and performed in an elastic rectangular tank under nearly 2D shallow-water condition. The evolution of free surface and the development of entrapped air near the vertical wall are recorded by the high-speed camera. Furthermore, the impact pressure and the wall deformation during slamming are measured. The results show that the presence of entrapped air can change the impact mode. Furthermore, the impact pressure and wall deformation induced by liquid slamming decreases due to the entrapped air, which shows the air cavity plays a cushion effect during liquid slamming. It is suggested to consider air compressibility during liquid slamming with entrapped air. INTRODUCTION The challenges to design Floating Liquefied Natural Gas facilities have attracted enough attention from industry and academia. The FLNG is used for production, liquidation, storage and unloading offshore gas. Therefore, the FLNG system needs lager volume tanks and has no restrictions of filling condition. Liquid tends to slosh in a partially tank during shipping. Sloshing-induced slamming in a tank at low filling depth resulting in the structural local damage during FLNG shipping is one of the main loads in the design of super-large storage tanks (Gavory and De Seze, 2009). Thus, it is important to determine the slamming load and investigate the physical evolution of a wave impact during the sloshing process in a partially field tank. But during liquid impact, the physical phenomena with gas-liquid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid are complicated for researchers to predict the evolution of free surface and slamming load with theoretical and numerical methods (Abramson et al., 1974; Lee and Choi, 1999; Faltinsen and Timokha, 2009). For example, Delorme et al. (2008) numerically found that the maximum pressure calculated by their numerical method is greater than the experimentally measured values due to the presence of air. Therefore, from physical mechanics point of view, it is necessary to use experimental methods to study the liquid impact with entrapped air in the tank.

OnePetro

ISOPE

ISOPE-P-20-110

The Fourteenth ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium

Country:

Asia > Middle East > Syria > Deir ez-Zor Governorate (0.24)
Asia > China (0.16)

Genre:

Research Report > New Finding (0.84)
Research Report > Experimental Study (0.70)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (0.49)

SPE Disciplines:

Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)
Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems (0.68)

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What Role Will LNG Play in Balancing Gas Demand in the MENA Region?

Feder, Judy (JPT Technology Editor)

OnePetroApril, 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 198054, “The Global LNG Price Trend and the Role of LNG in Balancing the Gas Demand in MENA Region,” by Mohamed El Shahati, Haidar Khadadeh, and Fajer Al-Aradah, Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company, prepared for the 2019 SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Conference and Show, Mishref, Kuwait, 13–16 October. This paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper analyzes the role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in balancing the natural gas demand in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region. Natural gas increasingly is becoming a main energy source in the region. Contrary to widely held belief, several countries in MENA could fall into deficit regarding their self-supply of gas, leading to the need to import. The options of supply are through pipeline networks, or LNG. The global LNG pricing mechanism is changing toward flexible market-related methods that might encourage some countries to switch to LNG supplies. The study presented in this paper estimates the future demand of natural gas by country using multivariate regression and then compares it with the availability of gas as estimated by the Gas Exporting Countries Forum. The deficit is derived for each country, and the study indicates how the deficit could be filled through pipeline or LNG. Introduction The MENA area has lagged behind the global energy market during the last three decades in switching from oil and coal to natural gas consumption, despite the huge reserves it owns. During the 1980s, many industrial and financial centers in western Europe attracted gas importation from gas-producing regions such as Russia because of the wide difference between domestic and international values. The oil/gas price spread during the period 1980–2005 did not provide a strong economic incentive to MENA oil producers to substantially switch from oil- to gas-based power generation. Since 2005, oil prices have decoupled from gas prices and registered a wide positive spread, which has exaggerated the loss to oil producers from continued dependence on oil for power generation. LNG Potential in the MENA Region Non-oil MENA oil producers or small oil producers have attempted to minimize oil consumption, particularly in power generation, by switching to gas or even coal. However, this process has been hindered by economic difficulties and financing problems. Limited attempts to import LNG to balance energy needs have been carried out in the region. One possible reason for this is the inability to finance investment requirements for LNG receiving and gas-distributing facilities. While it is tempting to assume that MENA could be a semi-self-contained pipeline-supplied region, many obstacles hinder that realization. The gravity of the European and Asian markets for gas producers is a main reason for gas producers overlapping small consumers in the region by focusing on LNG trading schemes. Also, the political conflicts between neighboring nations complicate establishing an international gas pipeline network to cover the region. The planned economic growth for the region, even considering energy conservation, will require additional energy sources. The economical path forward will require switching to natural gas and possibly renewable energy sources. On average, the MENA region needs an annual economic growth of 5% considering population growth trends.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2118/0420-0049-JPT

SPE

SPE-0420-0049-JPT

Journal of Petroleum Technology

Country:

Europe > Middle East > Malta > Mediterranean Sea (1.00)
Europe > Middle East > Cyprus > Mediterranean Sea (1.00)
Asia > Middle East > Yemen (1.00)
(19 more...)

Genre: Research Report (0.88)

Industry:

Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines: Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)

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Structural and mineralogical characteristics of the clay minerals in upper Triassic sandstone reservoir, Euphrates graben, east Syria (English)

Yousef, I. (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University) | Morozov, V. P. (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University)

OnePetroAugust, 2017

The PDF file of this paper is in English. The upper Triassic sandstone reservoir (Mulussa F formation) is a main hydrocarbon target of the Syria Euphrates graben area. The experimental results; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microprobe (SEM) and Electron Diffraction System (EDS) analysis show that the clay minerals of this reservoir are dominated by kaolinite, illite, chlorites and illite-smectite mixture. Kaolinite is the main clay minerals phase found. Morphologically, it's recorded as hexagonal to pseudo hexagonal platelets or booklet; consist of particles clusters (10 to 15μm micrometre) of crystals arranged as sub to euhedral blocky structures often measure between 20 to 60 μm in length that partially or completely filled pore spaces. Chlorites are commonly occurred as grain coating, or pore-filling / lining phase, its occupy almost 17 % of the clay volume, and composed of well crystallised, euhedral individual plates 2 to 10 µm with a honeycomb morphology, randomly oriented in aggregates that have retained the outlines of the former framework grain. Illite constitutes about 37 %, and identified as grain coating or pore filling phase composed of well-crystallized lath-like blades (10 μm), and short fiber-like morphology partially filled the intergranular pore and has nucleated at the margins of detrital clay surfaces. Illite - smectite mixture is less abundant, constitutes about 20 %, and exists as grain-coating or pore-filling phase, consists of well-developed crystals characterized by platy or wispy edges ranging from 2 to 10 µm thick. The early diagenesis of upper Triassic sandstone was characterized first by the mechanically infiltration of the detrital clay, early formation of chlorite, kaolinite and grain-coating illite-smectite. During the burial diagenesis kaolinite precipitation are continued and appears to be change in the morphology with increasing burial depth. The chlorite and illite forming is also minor phase during the burial diagenesis. Illite-smectite mixtures layers also take a place at burial diagenesis stage, where the leaching of the ferromagnesian minerals is being considered to be the source for the necessary ions.

OnePetro

doi: 10.24887/0028-2448-2017-8-68-71

OIJ

OIJ-2017-08-068-071-EN

Oil Industry Journal

Country: Asia > Middle East > Syria (0.61)

Geologic Time: Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Triassic > Upper Triassic (0.85)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines:

Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Sedimentology (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)

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A System Dynamics Approach on Oil Market Modeling with Statistical Data Analysis

Rafieisakhaei, Mohammadhussein (Texas A&M University) | Barazandeh, Babak (Virginia Tech) | Afra, Salar (Texas A&M University)

OnePetroMarch, 2017

Abstract Oil price is a determinant factor in many economic equations. The consistent growth of oil demand indicates the importance of petroleum products in the economic growth of both developing and developed countries. The new market conditions after the introduction of the shale oil and the extent of its influence on determining the oil price indicates a requirement for new oil market models that include new parameters. In this paper, based on the system dynamics methodology, we provide an updated model of the supply and demand of the oil market to explain the market trends. Our model provides the causal relations between the major components of the market including the determinants of the supply and demand. We divide the supply into the OPEC, non-OPEC and US producers. Further, we have extracted the supply of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Venezuela, and Iraq in the OPEC, and Russia and Syria in the non-OPEC categories in order to be able to further detail the effects of specific events that influenced their corresponding productions. We also provide a detailed case study of the major market events after 2010 that have had consequences on the oil market. Finally, we train the model with the 2014 and 2015 data and simulate and validate the model for 2016 to support our model's performance.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2118/184040-MS

SPE

SPE-184040-MS

SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference