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Collaborating Authors
Province No. 3
Understanding high mountain aquifers to source drinking water in the Sagarmatha National Park: Geoscientists Without Borders®
Nicholson, Kirsten (Ball State University) | Neumann, Klaus (Ball State University) | Gruver, Joshua (Ball State University) | Hall, Steven (Ball State University) | Nishikawa, Misa (Ball State University) | Acharya, Smrita (Ball State University) | Hayes, Emily (Ball State University) | Sharma, Subodh (Kathmandu University) | Thering Sherpa, Lakpa (Lukla Drinking Water & Sanitation Development Project)
In 2019, Geoscientists without Borders funded our proposal entitled, “Understanding high mountain aquifers to source drinking water in the Sagarmatha National Park.” The project combines water quality and quantity measurements, geological mapping, and an ERT survey to improve access to potable drinking water in two communities in Nepal’s Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) and minimize their water vulnerability to climate change and earthquakes. Like many mountainous regions of the globe, the combination of the tourism industry’s unchecked growth, poor infrastructure, and climate change impacts communities’ health and the environment in the Himalayas, particularly in the SNP. Polluted drinking water is a global problem, yet traditional solutions often fail due to the complex relationship between the local economy, governance, location (topography, altitude, and remoteness), infrastructure, environment, culture, and traditions. These intricate connections compromise SNP communities’ ability to manage water resources and affect the >1.4 billion downstream Himalayan water resources users. Our recent research shows that SNP water contamination results primarily from human activities (poor sanitation, water handling, and climate change; Nicholson et al., 2016, 2017, 2018). Communities in the SNP are now taking the lead in improving their access to potable water. In 2017, the community of Lukla built a successful water treatment and storage facility. Based on their success, this project will work with the Phortse and Lobuche communities to characterize their respective drainage basins’ physio-chemical properties. Our results will (a) help the communities select the best location to build their water treatment and storage facilities and (b) help communities develop strong resource management policies to mitigate damage from natural disasters, such as climate change and earthquakes. Our project will be an inclusive collaboration with the communities, local NGO’s, the National Park Service, local governance committees, and Kathmandu University.
applied geoscience, aquifer, climate change, drinking water, Earthquake, environmental management, ert survey, exploration geophysicist 10, geoscientist, high mountain aquifer, lobuche, Nepal, Neumann, Nicholson, produced water discharge, resource management, sagarmatha national park, Tourist, waste management, water management
ABSTRACT: Characterization of unstable rock slopes can pose a high level of risk toward the engineer/geoscientist in the field due to inaccessibility and safety issues. During recent decades, rapidly developing remote sensing (RS) techniques, including Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Terrestrial Digital Photogrammetry (TDP), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Structure-from-Motion (UAV-SfM) are being progressively employed for landslide investigation and risk assessment. These methods allow acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) data sets from previously inaccessible terrain with sub-centimeter accuracy. We present an innovative approach to investigate the preliminary engineering geological characterization of a large (~5.5 Mm), destructive landslide that occurred on August 2, 2014 near Jure village, ~70 km northeast of Kathmandu, Nepal. We conducted traditional field surveys (Geological Strength Index, scanline, etc.), RS techniques and preliminary 2D/3D numerical modelling with the objective of understanding conditioning factors, slope failure mechanisms, and future hazards. With four years of RS data, analysis of strength degradation and progressive weakening of the rock mass has been analyzed by linking erosional and depositional processes using 3D change detection algorithms. Results of 2D/3D rock engineering mapping and modelling have been integrated within an interactive 3D virtual/mixed reality (VR/MR) geodatabase model of the Jure field site, enabling an immersive and enhanced engineering 3D geovisualization experience. We demonstrate how VR/MR techniques can be employed to conduct/compare discontinuity mapping on virtual outcrops and advance the understanding/communication of landslide investigation and hazard/risk assessment.
Artificial Intelligence, discontinuity mapping, engineer geoscientist, Geodatabase, human computer interaction, jure landslide, landslide, mapping, march 2018, Nepal, orientation, outcrop, point cloud, Reservoir Characterization, simon fraser university, stead, structural geology, University, Upstream Oil & Gas
Country:
- Europe (0.93)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia (0.28)
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
- Asia > Nepal > Province No. 3 > Kathmandu (0.24)
SPE Disciplines:
Technology:
Abstract This study assessed the practice of slope stabilization along highway road between Mugling and Narayanghat with reference to existing scenario-highly unstable slope in Nepal. Slope instability issues mainly along Siwalik to lesser Himalaya region have become key and common problems. Geomorphological setting in that region is quite different from south to north profile of Nepal. The geological setting and structures are major factors which controls geomorphic features in Nepal. Several kilometers of highway corridor have been running along the mountainous region. The slope instability problems along road are mainly due to cut-off of mountain and their characteristics. Such issues along highway corridor highly influence overall road connectivity the country. Of many such issues, Mugling-Narayanghat Highway Road is considered to be lifeline in Nepal, which connects all parts of country with capital city Kathmandu. More than 20,000 vehicles have been running daily through this highway to all parts of Nepal from Kathmandu and vice-versa. The slope stabilization and management practice includes application of civil engineering and bioengineering techniques according to mechanisms of slope instability. 1. Introduction Major slope instabilities are related to mass-movements that have always been major problems in Nepal. The fragile geological condition and intense rainfall and topography of area leads gully erosion, riverbank cutting, landslides, debris flow, rock fall & rock slide and human intervention in the natural environment have been the major factors triggering the mass movement activities, which lead to several slope instabilities in Nepal. Landslides and debris flow have caused great damage to lives, property and infrastructure such as roads, and bridges. The Mugling -Narayanghat section of highway road lies between latitudes of 27°45'00" to 27°52'30" and longitudes of 84°25'00" to 84°35'30" at the Central part of Nepal. This highway is well known as lifeline of Nepal. The 36 Km. long stretch of Mugling -Narayanghat highway connects East-West Highway (Mahendra Highway, India Border), Prithvi Highway (Kathmandu-Pokhara-Baglung-Jomsom-Korolla, China Border) and Araniko Highway (Kathmandu-Kodari, China Border), Kathmandu-Trishuli-Dhunche-Syaprubesi-Rasuwagadhi, China Border). It is a major part of Asian Highway and also connects capital city Kathmandu with other parts of country as well as helping develop international connectivity. This highway was constructed in assistance of Peoples Republic of China. Previously this was single lane highway. Recently, it has been extended in double lane since vehicle density and inter-road connectivity have been rigorously increased in the country for decade.
ISRM-ARMS10-2018-265
SPE Disciplines:
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