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Abstract Su-Pan 1 is a small hydropower project with installation capacity of 30 MW, maximum water head of 250 m, and maximum discharge of almost 17 m/s. The project is located in SaPa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam, and in outskirt of a national protected forest (Hoang Lien forest). After due considerations, it was found that underground solution is an optimum solution for the project from both environmental and economical point of view. The project was built with 2740 m headrace tunnel, underground powerhouse, and 415 m tailrace tunnel. The project was successfully put in operation in December 2018 and in good production since then. This paper presents practical experiences during the design and construction of the project, particularly focuses on the rock engineering issues including rock mass evaluations and rock stress measurements. Experiences learned from this project can be used for similar hydropower projects in future. Introduction Su-Pan 1 is a small hydropower located in four communes Su-Pan, Hau Thao, Ta Van, Ban Ho, belonging to Sapa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. Main features of the project are installation capacity of 30 MW (two units), maximum water head of 250 m, and maximum discharge of almost 17 m/s. The project consists of a concrete arch dam with maximum height of 52.5 m, a headrace tunnel of 2.7 km (tunnel width D = 4 m), underground powerhouse, and tailrace tunnel of approximately 0.4 km. The project was competed and commissioned in December 2018 (first unit), and January 2019 (second unit).
The paper presents the calculating method of slope stability coefficient for wedge sliding problem.Some principles like the warning on slide possibility with use of big round(circle) method and stability coefficient calculatin in case of wedge slides.Concerng this issue the slope of the Northern gate of the tunnel on the High Way Noi Bai-Lao Cai route is of a very good example.
Tu, Tran Van (Institute of Geological Sciences - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) | Duc, Dao Minh (Institute of Geological Sciences - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) | Tung, Nguyen Manh (Institute of Geological Sciences - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) | Cong, Van Duy (Institute of Geological Sciences - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology)
Abstract So far most of the research consider that debris flow is a special kind of flash flood slope, where the density of debris in water is more than 60%. But the danger of debris flows compared with flash floods multiplied times. It is because of high energy in debris flow. Particularly, danger is the large rocks moving with great kinetic energy (with large boulders the size of 3–5 m). Following debris flows occurring in recent years (since debris flow in Muong Lay in 1996 we recorded), the experts said that debris flows associated with landslides. But the real (Nam Luc Commune, in 2012, Ban cavity, 2013) showed that the formation and development of debris flows concern to many special causes. In [11] the authors identified debris flows developed mainly in the neck Proluvium and Colluvium layers or the tectonic debris layer. However, the authors did not analyze deeply the mechanism of formation and development of debris flows in mountains locating in northern Vietnam. In this paper, the authors analyze in depth natural conditions and development of some typical debris floods that happened in Tan Nam, Xin Man 2002, in Pac Nam, Bac Kan, 2008, Nam Luc, Lao Cai, 2012 and in Ban Khoang, Sa Pa in 2013, from which to identify causes and mechanism of formation of debris flows in the mountains of northern Vietnam. 1. Current status of some typical flood debris Topography, geology and damage of debris flows Debris flows occuring in Tan Nam, Xin Man district, Ha Giang at Night of 08/07/2002 killed 13 people, dozens of homes were destroyed and hundreds of hectares of rice and vegetables were buried by sand and gravel. Debris flows occurred in both Na Vai and Lung Chun. However the low zone of Lung Chun also happened the mixture sweeping flood should still greater damage and the death increases. According to topography, both Na Vai and Lung Chun are located in 100–300 m elevation. Slope of the terrain is sbout 10–150. There are many Colluvium-Proluvium necks, it proved that debris flows occurred in the past. Based on geology, we see Thac Ba formation consists of quartz sericite schist, quartz-biotite schist-garnet, quartzite (Figure 1). This collection have weathered heterogeneously with many large boulders. Magmatic rocks of the Chay River Formation consists of biotite granites gneise form with larger particles, easy weathering make up the great stone. The ancient stone of the An Phu formation including marble contain graphite, marble dolomite, biotite-muscovite schist alternating, schist with feldspar-calcite strongly weathered. With this block can develops the Colluvi-Proluvium layers which causes large landslides and debris flow generation.