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Upper Austria
Abstract Geographical and seasonal differences in the supply and demand of renewable energy is a great challenge for building a sustainable future energy system. One approach is to store renewable energy in the form of hydrogen in existing depleted underground gas reservoirs and retrieve this energy on demand. However, it is unknown if the storage of hydrogen is technologically feasible, specifically if hydrogen can be stored in the same way as natural gas in porous reservoirs and if there are negative impacts on integrity and safety of the surface and subsurface storage facility. To answer these questions, RAG Austria AG has conducted field and laboratory experiments in the past decade. We have injected gas mixtures containing up to 20 volume percent of hydrogen into a depleted porous gas reservoir as part of the field test. First, we evaluated the gas composition, downhole pressure and temperature measurements as well as microbial data from the field test. Our findings suggest changes in the composition of produced gas, however no negative effects on reservoir integrity and no apparent geochemical effects. Next, we investigated the tightness of the caprock against hydrogen intrusion. The experimental results show that the behavior of hydrogen in the sealing materials is similar to that of natural gas. Furthermore, laboratory experiments with pure hydrogen revealed that diffusion effects in reservoir rocks can be neglected for the timeframe of seasonal gas storage. Taken together, these first results indicate that storage of hydrogen in depleted porous gas reservoirs could be a way forward to have hydrogen as a more reliable and versatile energy carrier. Still, we need to gain more insights regarding safety and technical feasibility for the underground storage of pure hydrogen. To address this, RAG Austria AG will start an unprecedented field test with pure hydrogen in a porous depleted gas reservoir in 2023.
abschlussbericht zum reservoiralteration, abschlussbericht zur dichtheit, austria government, brine mist, concentration, enhanced recovery, europe government, experiment, exposure, hall formation, hydrogen, hydrogen storage, integrity, investigation, laboratory experiment, lubenau, molasse basin, natural gas storage, permeability, production control, production monitoring, reservoir, Reservoir Characterization, Reservoir Surveillance, seismic surveying, structural geology, Upstream Oil & Gas
Oilfield Places:
- Europe > Austria > Upper Austria > Molasse Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Austria > Lower Austria > Molasse Basin (0.99)
SPE Disciplines:
Geomechanical Investigation of a Geothermal Aquifer in the South German Molasse Basin
Bohnsack, D. (Chair of Hydrogeology, Technical University of Munich) | Zosseder, K. (Chair of Hydrogeology, Technical University of Munich) | Potten, M. (Technical University of Munich, Chair of Engineering Geology) | Käsling, H. (Technical University of Munich, Chair of Engineering Geology) | Thuro, K. (Technical University of Munich, Chair of Engineering Geology)
Abstract To achieve the German climate targets, deep geothermal energy in Bavaria is increasingly playing a key role. The Upper Jurassic "Malm" aquifer is buried deep below the Molasse Basin and, due to its relatively high temperature and promising productivity, forms the main target formation for hydrothermal exploration in South Germany. Because of the heterogeneous character of this carbonate platform, prediction of rock properties is difficult but vital for the realization of geothermal projects. To define these characteristics, a comprehensive laboratory program was carried out on 245 rock samples from one of the rare existing drilling cores. Rock density ranges from 2.1-2.8 g/cm indicating different lithologies with porosity ranging from 0.3-19.1 %. Mechanical behavior of the aquifer was investigated by dynamic and static methods. Young's Modulus ranges from 3-103 GPa and rock strength from 51-269 MPa. A comprehensive data set was compiled with special focus on transferability throughout the aquifer. 1 Current Situation Geothermal energy expansion in Bavaria, Germany, has increased significantly in recent years. In order to further strengthen this form of renewable energy generation, the prediction of hydrothermal deep exploration and the prospects of success in carbonates must be improved. With the aim of answering these questions, the Geothermal-Alliance Bavaria (GAB) was founded. The overall objective is to establish geothermal energy as a renewable energy resource for the domestic energy market so that it can make a significant impact on German CO2-reduction targets. In order to achieve these goals, the main target formation for hydrothermal geothermal energy in the Bavarian Molasse Basin will be analyzed. Located beneath and extending south of Munich with increasing depth up to 6000 m b.l.s., the basin offers ideal aquifer conditions (Figure 1). The aquifer thickness reaches up to 400 m and host fluid temperatures up to 150 °C. The aquifer is formed by Upper Jurassic carbonates (Malm) buried under confined conditions in a layer-cake setting, underlain by the Variscan crystalline complex (Lemcke 1988) and capped by the Cenozoic sedimentary succession (Meyer and Schmidt–Kaler, 1989). The rocks lie in a typical wedge-shaped foreland basin caused by alpine tectonics along the northern flank of the Alps (Figure 1). Due to the deposition of the aquifer on a wide carbonate platform, the sediments show a distinctly heterogeneous character. For this reason, the aquifer properties are not consistent throughout the basin. In order to describe these parameters and their dependence on the local aquifer conditions more precisely, various laboratory tests were carried out on one of the rare core drillings realized in the Bavarian Molasse Basin. The knowledge of these rock parameters essentially contribute to prognosis of reservoir productivity and risks like micro-seismicity or borehole stability.
aquifer, bavarian molasse basin, correlation, dependency, dolostone, equation, geomechanical investigation, investigation, limestone, lithology, log analysis, modulus, molasse basin, porosity, relation, Reservoir Characterization, reservoir geomechanics, seismic surveying, south german molasse basin, structural geology, Upstream Oil & Gas, well logging, young
Country:
SPE Disciplines:
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Abstract This paper presents an overview of methods and technologies, OMV Austria has already implemented and plans to introduce in Underground Gas Storages (UGS) to improve the performance of single wells and thus to increase the total capacity of the UGS. Since 1968, OMV Austria operates six UGS in the Matzen Field, located in Lower Austria near Vienna, and one UGS in Upper Austria. The depths of these former sandstone gas reservoirs vary from 550 to 1,200 m. At the moment, the maximum working gas volumes (WGV) equals 2.33 billion m. Withdrawal and injection is mainly achieved with 150 former gas production wells. Most of the existing wells are equipped with sand control completions. Well tests have shown that moderate to high skins are present. Nevertheless, withdrawal rates of about 15,000 m/h per well can be achieved. The increasing demand for gas initiated the necessity to improve the capacity of OMV's underground gas storage operations. Additionally, reservoir studies of all seven gas storage reservoirs indicated a potential for cost savings by reducing the number of active wells. Furthermore the reservoir models identified optimum well locations for infill drilling operations. In order to execute this strategy, the following measures have been worked out:• Existing wells were converted to high-capacity wells by replacing Inside Casing Gravel Packs (ICGP) by Open-Hole Gravel Packs (OHGP) • Drilling of two new high-capacity horizontal wells completed with an OHGP and Expandable Sand Screen (ESS). • Increasing the maximum operating pressure in the underground gas storage reservoir For two newly drilled wells, state of the art completions were chosen. By installing a horizontal open-hole gravel pack in one well, and an ESS in the other, rates of up to 50,000 m/h/well can be reached. Re-placing old ICGP's by OHGP led to increased withdrawal rates of up to 35,000 m/h per well. For both, the re-completions and the new wells, a state of the art mud system (drill-in fluid and workover fluid, respectively) was used for the first time in gas reservoirs. However, the most economical way to improve the capacity of underground gas storage is to increase the working gas volume. Currently the working gas volume is limited by the initial reservoir pressure (=maximum operating pressure). At the moment, OMV Austria is preparing a study to get the allowance for increasing the maximum operating pressure in two underground gas storages. This could add another 300 million m of working gas volume.
Austria, carrier fluid, completion, filter cake, flothru, gas reservoir, gas storage, gravel pack, infrastructure, Matzen Field, natural gas storage, OMV, openhole section, operation, optimized well completion, Petroleum Engineer, reservoir, sand control, underground gas storage, Upstream Oil & Gas, Withdrawal Rate
Country:
Oilfield Places:
- Europe > Austria > Vienna Basin > Matzen Field (0.99)
- Europe > Austria > Molasse Basin (0.89)
SPE Disciplines:
Abstract Variation of gas demand yearly, weekly, at different time in a day and seasonally is the main driving factor for gas storage. Ideally the gas needs to be stored at the consumption points and the demand fluctuations need to be met by supply. Thus the underground gas storage operators need to maximize the storage capacity and minimize the cost of storage. Furthermore the operations need to be safe during the injection and production cycles. During underground gas storage the reservoir is exposed to large range of pressure changes i.e. injection and production cycle. The stress state acting on the reservoir rock during this cycle is very high. In addition, the rate at which gas is injected and produced can subject the reservoir rock in the near wellbore region to large stresses. Both the change in stress due to changes in the reservoir pressure and changes in stress due to injection and production rate can be sufficient to fail the rock in this near wellbore region and cause sand production. Any sand production is likely to damage wellbore and surface equipment, and ultimately may render the gas storage operation unviable. An understanding of the state of stress in the reservoir created by these gas storage operations is critical to avoid unwanted sand production. A geomechanical review of the potential for sand production in the Haidach Underground Storage Reservoir, Austria, illustrates the steps necessary to determine the stress state that will cause formation deformation and probable sand production. The study assists the selection of stable zones for perforating wells and sets operational limits for the gas flow to and from the wells Introduction In the year 2004 Austria has imported 5840 106 Nm, domestically produced 1963 106 Nm and consumed 8563 106 Nm. The difference covers own use for domestic production and movements from / into storage inventories. RAG with its centre of E&P activities in the federal provinces of Upper Austria and Salzburg, both located near the German border forecasts an additional demand for storage in the gas markets of Central Europe. For this reason a new storage is under construction in the depleted gas field of Haidach. The available gas volume in 2007 will figure at 1200 106 Nm and 12 106 Nm/d and will be increased to 2400 106 Nm and 24 106 Nm/d in 2011. [WGC Report, 23rd World Gas Conference Amsterdam 2006] In order to assist the operation a study has been conducted to select the best completion option for Haidach UGS as part of field development plan. Using a wide range of input data including seismic, wireline logs, drilling reports, mechanical core tests, geological and petrophysical interpretations, a detailed Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) was developed. The MEM forms the basis for planning stable wellbores and completions. Rock mechanical testing of core samples was performed to calibrate correlations made between log data and rock strength parameters. Using the MEM sanding propensity analysis was conducted using proprietary software. A formation completion selection tool was also used to identify potential completion options.
doi: 10.2118/116409-MS
SPE-116409-MS
Austria, calculation, Completion Installation and Operations, completion option, gas storage, haidach 2, log analysis, mechanical earth model, natural gas storage, orientation, perforation, perpendicular, Petroleum Engineer, reservoir, Reservoir Characterization, reservoir geomechanics, reservoir pressure, rock strength, sand production, spe 116409, stability calculation, stress state, trajectory, underground gas storage, Upstream Oil & Gas, well logging
Country:
- Europe > Austria > Upper Austria (0.34)
- Europe > Netherlands > North Holland > Amsterdam (0.25)
- Europe > Austria > Salzburg > Salzburg (0.24)
Geologic Time:
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (0.47)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic (0.47)
Oilfield Places:
- Europe > Austria > Upper Austria > Molasse Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Austria > Lower Austria > Molasse Basin (0.99)
SPE Disciplines:
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > Natural gas storage (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
Abstract Most common training methods are not sufficient to prepare employees for complex or potentially dangerous tasks. We propose therefore Virtual Reality Training as a method for interactive and experienced based learning where employees can perform practical tasks in a virtual world without putting their health or the production at risk. The refinery of Schwechat has made a Virtual Reality training simulator part of their regular training curriculum. Experience has shown that the simulator helps in speeding up training time and effectively preparing employees for tasks which cannot be practically trained for in the real world. Introduction Virtual Reality (VR) is an established technology in the oil and gas industry where it is used for visualizing geophysical and engineering data in exploration and production [1]. Using VR for training is still a novelty in most industrial environments, however it is successfully applied in military training. Definition of Virtual Reality Virtual Reality is defined as the use of computer technology to create the effect of an interactive three-dimensional world in which the objects have a sense of spatial presence. Therefore, 3D games, e-learning, process simulators and flight simulators (the 3D world of a flight simulator is not interactive) are not considered Virtual Reality. Origins of Virtual Reality The generally accepted birth of Virtual Reality as a technology dates back to Ivan Sutherland's seminal paper "The Ultimate Display" from 1965 [2] which resulted in the world's first VR system: "The Sword of Damocles" and the development of the first head mounted display (HMD) in the year 1970. Today's Virtual Reality technology is an amalgamation of a variety of fields and influences, such as flight simulation, computer graphics, gaming technology and user interface design. The hype generated around Virtual Reality in the late 1980s and early 1990s resulted in more harm than good in the long run, as it created expectations which cannot even be met in the near future. However, Virtual Reality is now in daily use and has proven to be a very valuable technology especially for visualization and training. Motivation for a Virtual Refinery Simulator Training operators in control room simulators is a common sight today. Like airplane pilots, they are also prepared to handle delicate cases and emergencies. However, the same cannot easily be achieved for workers in the field due to the dangers associated with conventional training methods which could put the trainees' health and safety at risk. A VR simulator allows for training in extreme situations without endangering participants. Furthermore, in a VR world it is possible for trainees to make mistakes without the need for intervention by the trainer, so they can learn from their mistakes and live through the consequences of their actions. Having a virtual industrial plant as a kind of playground also offers a way of demonstrating the interrelationships of production, e.g. although inherently dangerous in the real world, closing a random valve in a VR refinery has no negative consequences for the trainee, the consequences for the virtual refinery, however, can be dramatic. Trainers at the refinery of Schwechat near Vienna (Austria) had the idea to develop a VR training simulator for occupational safety in 1997. They started a joint research project with the Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria. This project resulted in a full VR simulator in 2003 (see Figure 1) [3]. Since then the simulator has become part of regular training at the refinery and is a mandatory part of the curriculum for new employees.
application, computer based training, educational software, educational technology, human computer interaction, joystick, Petroleum Engineer, practical training, proceedings, process simulator, real world, refinery, Scenario, Simulation, simulator, trainee, Trainer, training session, training simulator, Upstream Oil & Gas, virtual reality, virtual reality training, virtual world, VR simulator
Industry:
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Education > Educational Technology > Educational Software > Computer Based Training (0.55)
Technology: Information Technology > Human Computer Interaction > Interfaces > Virtual Reality (1.00)
ABSTRACT. s of granites and gneisses of the Bohemian massif which in some areas are overlain uy uppcr barboniferous and continental Triass 1 usually by Upper Jurassic and/or Upper Cretaceous beds. The oldest beds of the T iments are of Upper Eocene age and the bulk of the four thousand to twelve thous: sed:ments is formed by gray Phales with sand, sandstone, and conglomerate le to Mddle Miocene. ric; the sed'ments being thickest in the immediate vicinity of the rms the southern margin of the exposed portion of the basin. ie Alpine movements during Uppw Eocene and Oligocene time, the iasin Sediments diminishes upward in the section and also towards L, KG llV1lll. v..lllc tnnG vprGn uVLG.nG and Lower Oligocene are more strongly disturbed and dip southwards under the Alpine front, the axis of the basin in Miocene time had shifted well to the north of the Alpine front. Therefore, as the southern margin is approached, the entire complex of Tertiary strata of the molasse basin shows a fan-like structure with the beds diverging towards the south. The development of structures within the basin shows the predominating influence of two basic factors; first the original structural pattern of the basement and overfying Meeozoic beds, associated with old fault lines and resulting in a pre-Tertiary surface of considerable relief, and second the effect of the northward movement of the Alpine ranges which becomes more and more evident to the south. This latter influence is expressed in the central part of the bacin by numerous eastwest striking predominantly antithetic faults, while in the southernmost part of the basin the beds are isoclinally folded or broken UD into imbricate structures (schuppen) in a Lclt of complex structures, which is over-ridden f iles by the northward-thrust He!vetic and Flysch zone of the Alpine front. Jn spite of t 1 thickness of Sediments, the predominantly marine facies, and the varied structural de nly a few welk have encountered oil and up to now, no major oil or gas fields have bc,.. The floor of the molasse basin in Western A The question as to the origin of the oil remains unsolved. 'or several m he large tota velopment, 01 o-.. :m, I:..9*'., I RESUME. Le sonbassement du bassin mollassique, en Autriche occidentale, consiste en granite et gneiss du massif de Bohème. Par endroits, ces roches sont recouvertes de couches du Carbonifère supérieur et du Triasique continental; mais plus gGnéralement, eres sont recouvertes de couches du J
Country:
- Europe > Switzerland (1.00)
- Europe > Austria > Upper Austria (0.85)
- Europe > Austria > Lower Austria (0.85)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Mediterranean Sea (0.24)
Geologic Time:
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Oligocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Eocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene > Aquitanian (0.93)
Oilfield Places:
- North America > United States > Virginia > Rose Hill Field (0.99)
- Asia > Thailand > Gulf of Thailand > Western Basin (0.97)
- Europe > Austria > Upper Austria > Molasse Basin (0.95)
- Europe > Austria > Lower Austria > Molasse Basin (0.95)
SPE Disciplines:
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Faults and fracture characterization (0.66)
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