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Collaborating Authors
Kongens Lyngby
ABSTRACT The development of a potentiostatic method for determining the potential independent Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) using the Avesta Cell is presented. The new potentiostatic method has been used to determine the CPT for austenitic stainless steels. The precision of the potentiostatic method of approximately ±2°C is close to that of the traditional potentiodynamic method. The time required to determine a CPT is much shorter than when using the potentiodynamic method, A CPT is obtained within 1.5 to 3 hours for each specimen. The influence of various experimental parameters such as electrochemical potential, evaluation criteria for the CPT, test area, stabilization time prior to polarization and inert gas purging is described. The lack of sensitivity towards many of these parameters as well as the high reproducibility obtained is associated with fundamentals of the pitting process. H is argued that the potential independent CPT characterizes the stable propagating pitting event as opposed to the potential dependent CPT or pitting potentials, which to a larger extent are affected by the nucleation part of the pitting process. INTRODUCTION pitting resistance of stainless steels has for many years been a favoured topic amongst corrosion researchers and engineers. The importance of the subject is evidently because the consumphon of stainless steels is increasing each year by around 5Y0, and is expected to continue to do so in the foreseeable ? present address: Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark future. Further, the increasing use of stainless steels has also made it possible for a continued development of new stainless steels with higher corrosion resistance. Pitting resistance is one of the core properties of stainless steels in near neutral environments. The increasing global economic importance of stainless steels and the development of new steels leads to a need to improve the methods available for characterizing the pitting resistance of stainless steels. It is also accepted that the pitting resistance of a stainless steel is roughly correlated with the resistance to other forms of localised corrosion such as crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. This correlation is most pronounced for austenitic stainless steels even though such a correlation can never be considered universal due to the complex nature of these phenomena. Nevertheless, it is generally faster to obtain a ranking of the pitting resistance of stainless steels compared to a ranking of their crevice or stress corrosion resistance. The laboratory characterization of pitting has since the 50?s concentrated on the used of electrochemical techniques due to the apparent reproducibility, speed of result and fundamental insights that can be gained from the potential-current behaviour. However, electrochemical parameters such as the pitting potential are not easy to translate into engineering terms. At the same time, the characterization of stainless steels by comparing the pitting potential has a limitation with regard to the differences in pitting resistance that can be quantitatively characterized without changing the environment. Large differences in pitting resistance will be impossible to compare on a single scale. The use of simple immersion tests for characterizing the pitting resistance have concentrated on systems with a constant redox potential in order to obtain reproducible results. The redox potential has in such tests been controlled by flushing the chloride containing solution with a gas mixture (typically air or oxygen/nitro en mixtures). 4+ Another method to control the redox potential has been to add redox active compounds such as Fe /Fe2+-ions or other multivalent cat
average cpt, Corrosion Inhibition, Corrosion Management, CPT, critical current density, current density, flowline corrosion, H2S management, materials and corrosion, metals & mining, oilfield chemistry, pa cm2, Pipeline Corrosion, potential independent cpt, potentiodynamic method, potentiostatic method, procedure, Production Chemistry, reproducibility, resistance, riser corrosion, specimen, stainless steel, Standard Deviation, Subsurface Corrosion, Test area, test solution, variation, well integrity
Country:
- North America > United States (0.67)
- Europe > Denmark > Capital Region > Kongens Lyngby (0.24)
SPE Disciplines:
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Corrosion inhibition and management (including H2S and CO2) (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Materials and corrosion (1.00)
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