The SPE has split the former "Management & Information" technical discipline into two new technical discplines:
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The SPE has split the former "Management & Information" technical discipline into two new technical discplines:
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Abstract Improved understanding of unconventional formations requires advanced mechanical and index assessments to explore their complex geology, fissility, and anisotropic behavior. This publication is an extension of the work presented in (Gramajo and Rached 2022), which presented comprehensive datasets of unconventional rocks from China, the United States of America (USA), Canada, and Saudi Arabia. The datasets include the mineral composition, petrophysical parameters (Total Organic Carbon (TOC), porosity, and permeability), and mechanical properties (elastic parameters and compressive strength values). This paper extends the analysis to include unconventional formations from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) datasets, specifically from Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study enhances our understanding of the newly added rock formations and defines the rock analogs and initial parameters needed to tailor down-hole tools, fracturing fluids, and engineering processes. The results will help reduce the costs (equipment, sample preparation, and measurement time) associated with the initial experimental assessments and achieve higher production outcomes in the emerging reservoirs.
Abstract Satisfying the rising energy demands across the globe and limiting the environmental impact are two intertwining issues affecting stakeholders in the 21st century. This resulted in many policy incentives to promote eco-friendly green energy utilization together with other conservation measures. In this regard, the objective of the study is to investigate the introduction of business decisions that enhance the likelihood of companies adopting green energy sources, leading to reduced carbon emissions. It also intends to investigate various decarbonization strategies, which may have implications for profitability. Ultimately, it aims to underscore environmental preservation as a critical aspect of sustainable business practice. The methodology entails an analysis of existing literature focusing on green energy policies and measures for the promotion of green energy. The study uses the survey method to investigate articles and perspectives related to the subject in the UAE. Observations will be made to determine the most effective policy and regulatory direction in areas of green energy and sustainability. Similarly, the process entails an examination of how to design a green energy policy with economic and environmental factors in mind and, through the analysis, the methods include an evaluation of different incentives. The study underscored the importance of establishing energy policies and putting in place incentives for stakeholders, including businesses and end-users to embrace green energy production, supply, and usage. Key incentives identified include favorable government policies, rising costs of fossil fuels, and the need to reduce emissions levels globally. Notably, despite the high initial cost of green energy, the investigation noted substantial future financial savings along with protecting the environment and introducing the social cost of carbon (SCC) in the analysis. Therefore, standardization of green energy costs would contribute to the adoption of green energy sources. Above all, the rising cost of conventional energy makes it imperative for governments and organizations to adopt green energy. Despite many studies on green energy, this paper presents novel ideas as it focuses on incentives for production costs. It outlines how to lower the cost of producing green energy to the same standard as conventional sources increasing its capacity compared with historical patterns. The incentives under discussion also underscore energy efficiency by making it a cheaper and cost-competitive alternative, and technology comes out as a crucial ground leveler in achieving cost-effectiveness and efficiency. For example, improvement of storage would be vital in storing power for extended periods once harnessed or fuel transitioning in transportation. Overall, government incentives and interventions in areas of funding, research, and development would mitigate existing challenges and contribute to the long-term development of green energy.
Weatherford International has reported 3Q revenues of $1.12 million, 5% up over the previous quarter and a 19% rise year-on-year as its focus sharpens on the Middle East as its No. 1 market to achieve double-digit growth in 2023. Weatherford CEO Girish Saligram told analysts attending the company's Q3 earnings call on 26 October, "… the biggest area for us is the Middle East. We have committed a lot of resources and a lot of investment, and a lot of capital, and we will continue to do so. "We do expect solid double-digit growth next year across the board," Saligram said, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region "leading the way … with growth driven by activity in that region … and more specifically the Middle East" which Weatherford is targeting not only for new business but also growth in margins and expanded market share with existing customers. Calling these contracts "significant wins," Rystad Energy's lead analyst for energy services, Matt Hale, said, "Several years ...
Oil and gas companies around the world are repositioning themselves to face the energy transition—whether that means embracing the fact that the green economy of the future calls for less hydrocarbon use or something more radical, like Lundin Energy’s (now called Orrön Energy) recent move to sell off its oil and gas assets to become a pure renewables player. One certainty is that as companies trend away from oil and gas and toward a lower-carbon frontier there will still be plenty of “cleanup” to do while players figure out exactly what to do with more than 100 years of oil and gas infrastructure. Offshore, decommissioning of platforms and pipelines is a capital-intensive business and one that is expected to grow in the coming years. Last year, IHS Markit released a forecast predicting global offshore decommissioning spending to reach almost $100 billion for the 2021–2030 period, up by more than 200% compared to the previous 10-year period. According to the forecast, nearly 2,800 fixed platforms and 160 floating platforms could be decommissioned. That represents 33% of fixed platforms and 43% of floating platforms currently in operation. Additionally, more than 18,500 wellheads, 2,850 subsea trees, and 83000 km of offshore pipelines and umbilicals currently in operation are subject to decommissioning during the same period. More than 50% of the expected activity is spread across four countries: the UK, US, Brazil, and Norway. The financial burden and safety liability of marine decommissioning have prompted some to look at the potential for repurposing the hardware and using it in moving toward the drive to net-zero emissions: platforms that could be used to host wind turbines, vessels that could be redesigned to collect hydroenergy, and pipelines that could be repurposed for potential battery storage. Repurposing offshore pipeline as energy storage (ROPES) is a concept that is being investigated by a partnership of offshore projects and services specialists Subsea 7 and offshore energy storage startup Flasc. Flasc was founded as a spinoff from the University of Malta in 2019 and is based in the Netherlands. The concept was described in a paper presented at the 2022 Offshore Technology Conference in Houston (OTC 31703). Subsea 7 and Flasc signed a cooperative exclusivity agreement in late 2020 to work toward the commercialization of Flasc’s patented hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) concept offshore. HPES combines pressurized seawater with compressed air to create an efficient, large-scale energy storage device that can be applied across a wide range of offshore applications. Energy is stored by pumping seawater into a closed chamber to compress a fixed volume of precharged inert gas. The energy can be recovered by allowing the compressed gas to push the water back out through a hydraulic turbine generator (Fig. 1). The technology leverages existing infrastructure and supply chains, along with the marine environment itself as a natural heatsink. The first working prototype was successfully tested in 2018, and DNV has granted the technology a Statement of Feasibility based on a technical and commercial assessment. “The hydro-pneumatic technology is at the core of the ROPES concept, but can also be applied to other embodiments,” said Daniel Buhagiar, co-founder and chief executive of Flasc. “Within this collaboration, we’ve looked at doing some different designs and different products, and ROPES emerged as a very interesting opportunity. Typically, we’re looking at doing new infrastructure, [for instance] installing a bundle or a new piece of kit to store the pressurized fluids. ROPES, we thought, was really the low-hanging fruit because the pipeline infrastructure is already there, and we can create a use case for it beyond the typical applications, such as hydrogen and carbon capture, which are not always possible.”
ABSTRACT In deep-water applications of flexible pipes, particular attention needs to be paid to the birdcaging failure, which occurs more likely when the outer layers are damaged. This paper presents a FE model for the birdcaging analysis of a flexible pipe with damage on the outer layers. The local pipe bending caused by the armour wires non-axisymmetric deflections in the birdcaging section is identified and discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate axial compressive strength of a flexible pipe with damage on the outer layers may be inherently related to the event of combined radial-lateral buckling of the inner armour wires. INTRODUCTION Flexible pipes are extensively used in offshore oil and gas exploration in all water depths. In deep-water applications, particular attention needs to be paid to the tensile armour layers buckling. The failure is most likely during pipe installation or for operating pipes with low bore pressure. Due to the reversed end-cap effect, large axial compression can be generated which are principally carried by the tensile armour layers. Driven by this axial compression, the slender helical armour wires may buckle in either lateral or radial directions, leading to permanent damage and possibly loss of containment. The armour wires buckling in the radial direction, also known as birdcaging, occurs when the radial resistance is not sufficient to prevent the armour wires radial expansion. The radial expansion resistance is generally guaranteed by the outer sheath and aramid or glass fiber reinforced anti-birdcage tape. Models have been developed for the birdcaging analysis of an intact flexible pipe (Vaz and Rizzo, 2011, Sousa et al., 2012, Malta and Martins, 2014, Sævik and Thorsen, 2017). However, damage is often caused on the outer protective layers principally during installation. The damage may be generated by impact, abrasion, cutting by sharp edges, etc. For on-bottom pipes, this will lead to an elevated risk of birdcaging failure as the local radial expansion resistance is reduced. Sertã et al. (2012) and Ebrahimi et al. (2016) studied the birdcaging in a flexible pipe with full circular damage on the outer sheath. Lu et al. (2017) studied the armour wire radial buckling in the exposed area. Borges et al. (2017) investigated the birdcaging of a flexible pipe with rectangular damage on the outer layers.
Chen, Yanfei (China University of Petroleum (Beijing) / Dalian University of Technology) | Jiang, Zhiming (National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety / MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering / Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Liu, Hao (National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety / MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering / Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing))
ABSTRACT The carcass layer of flexible pipe adopts the structural form of interlocking wrap, which leads to its inner surface not being smooth and having gaps. The fluid transported at high speed in the pipe may contain sand or solid impurities. These impurities will impact the gap between close parts of the carcass layer causing erosion, leading to thinning of the steel strip of the carcass layer and reducing the pressure collapse resistance of the carcass layer. The carcass layer will have serious consequences in the event of a collapse failure. The collapse pressure of flexible pipes is investigated by modeling the carcass layer of flexible pipes containing erosion defects. The proposed solution proved to be able to predict the collapse pressure of flexible pipe carcass layers containing erosion defects. INTRODUCTION Non-bonded flexible pipes better adapt to the ocean's complex environment. Local steel layers in the carcass layer get thinner when the carcass layer erodes. Furthermore, with the action of external load, the erosion position of the carcass layer may have stress concentration. The pipeline will collapse and fail as a result of the external pressure. Paumier et al. (2009) completed over 200 experimental verifications on the pipeline structure and determined the flexible pipeline collapse pressure. Malta et al. (2012) did a study on pipe collapse modes, proposing that when a three-layer pipe is destroyed, it will emerge in two collapse modes. Souza et al. (2002) conducted experimental testing with flexible pipes to illustrate the structural behavior of the pipe until it collapses under the action of radial compression and external pressure. Clevelario et al. (2010) did a similar investigation and discovered that the collapse pressure of curved pipes was lowered by more than 10% when compared to straight pipes. Zhang et al. (2013) estimated the equivalent thickness of the complicated cross-section to anticipate the collapse pressure of the carcass layer, using the cross-sectional area equivalent technique to equate the complex cross-section carcass layer to a steel ring of uniform thickness.
Abstract Engineering Asset Management(EAM) is management of engineering assets and it provides guidelines on the effective usage of all the physical engineered assets within the organization. Similarly, Non-Destructive Testing [NDT] is used as a handy tool for integrity assessment of Assets in scheduled maintenance & inspection program. Though Asset Inspection in Oil & Gas Industry were using conventional NDT methods, now ASME, API and others came up with inspection procedures based on fracture mechanics, where each user to ascertain how their tool/regional operating condition deviate from the assumptions herein, then employ their engineering and technical judgment in deciding how and when to employ any part of these standard. Till recent past, there were no regular validation for these procedures being performed as presumed; benchmark for Severity of failure in North Sea offshore and that in MENA Onshore are set as same. Integration of Operations Management System [OMS] based in Asset Inspection with the EAM allows the Asset Owner/Custodian to consistently monitor each Asset, Acquire monitoring / measurement data in common platform using standardized operating procedures, Measure / Analyze Longevity of each Asset and enable the end user to validate their Service Quality Plan and inspection procedures, as per applicable operating limits and risks. The purpose of this paper to emphasize the importance of optimizing the Asset utilization and serviceability to enhance overall efficiency by integrating; (1)EAM software that manages Assets, (2)OMS controlling the process and (3)Asset Inspection Management System[AIMS]. Case study refer our AIMS, a tool to track all Equipment data [Images, OEM/CoC Document, Inspection Reports/Certificates, track analysis of major attributes] through a single channel - Master Asset [Inspection] Register. Uniquely numbered Assets in each category Drilling Tubulars, Hosting &Handling Equipment and/or Lifting Equipment Item is captured in respective Master Asset Inspection Register with all related Equipment data & Inspection records. Inspection records provides all its inspection related history since its commissioning and manufacturing OEM/CoC Documents. Our cloud based AIMS-App's compliance to API Q2, ISO9001:2015 and ISO17020:2012 ensures its certifying requirements to, (1)relevant Industry standard and bench mark (2)Competence of Inspection Personnel and (3)Compliance of Measuring Devices & Equipment. In last two years [2016-2018] by ensuring Acceptance Benchmark only, more than 70% reduction in premature failure [Crack in Thread Connection; where 50% of those are potential NPT cases] in drilling Tools achieved. Our App provide the user to analyze Inspection data. The trend analysis of tools helps in its planning and utilization plus the data can be directly input to modify Service Quality Plan to optimizing the asset utilization & serviceability. The above are some of the immediate befit to Oil Company and Drilling Contractor by AIMS. This paper also discusses one more dimension of it, Reliability in Service Quality. As this AIMS Tool is synchronized with our, (1)EAM software that manages company's all assets and resources, and (2)OMS controlling the process, the integration of all three increase the overall efficiency of the service and results in profitability of a business.
TAQA aims to actively contribute to Saudi Vision 2030 of creating a more diverse and sustainable economy through localization of the Energy Ecosystem in Saudi and the MENA region. TAQA's strategy and direction are centered on its stakeholders, Customers, Shareholders and People. The company's ambition is to become a recognized leader in managing integrated projects in the Middle East-North Africa by providing technical services across the life cycle of oilfields as well as offering unique technologies for Geothermal and Carbon Underground storage projects playing a major role in the decarbonization efforts in the MENA region. With its TAQA-2021 strategy, the company aspire to continue strengthening its technical portfolio by acquiring more technology companies, as well as expanding its operations globally into new geographies and markets. Of the TAQA strategy objectives is to create a strong digitalization and innovation platforms as well as expand its operations into renewable and sustainable energies.
Abstract Unconventional formations require advanced mechanical and index assessments to improve their understanding under different geomechanical processes. However, difficulties associated with obtaining cores from the target formations and the challenges with sample preparation increase the assessment complexity. This research compiles data from unconventional index properties and rock mechanical test results from published articles and reports. The parameters include rock mineralogy, rock mechanical properties (compressive strength and elastic properties), and petrophysical properties (porosity, TOC, and permeability). The study showcases the main differences between the global and regional (Middle East and North Africa) rock formations and presents the best analogs for the regional reservoirs. These findings supplement the scarce and complex procurement of the needed rock specimens and reduce the number of core samples required for detailed evaluations. These outcomes help reduce the costs (equipment, sample preparation, measurement time, and the number of specimens tested) associated with the unconventional rock experimental evaluation. In addition, this study explores the successful development strategy implemented in the unconventional reservoirs in China to accomplish commercial production and recommends appropriate rock analogs for detailed experimental evaluations. This paper is part of an in-depth literature data compilation of MENA regional and global unconventional formations. This section of the study focuses on the target unconventional formations of Saudi Arabia and the unconventional formations in China, the USA, and Canada.
Abstract This paper reports the main result of the geophysical survey performed in the Delimara peninsula (Malta) along the offshore route of the microtunnel realized for the shore approach of the 22″ Melita Transgas Pipeline. The main goals of the survey were to assess the seafloor integrity and the possible deteriorations that might arise from the bedrock collapse during the nearshore microtunnelling, and then to identify and avoid cavities during the work. The preliminary geognostic investigations carried out on this segment through several boreholes highlighted the presence of fractured limestone and possible cavities. A following tomographic analysis (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) allowed the detailed reconstruction of the lithostratigraphic and geomechanics characteristic of the entire corridor. The geoelectric prospect also allowed to verify and evaluate the risk of intercepting cavities along the corridor during the drilling phase. The installation of seven multielectrode lines were performed: one of them was longitudinal to the microtunnel pathway, two parallel and the rest transversal to it. Six of them were installed on the seabed, with the help of divers, to better mitigate the effects of the marine depth. The post-processing of the data, optimized through the precise knowledge of the electrode positions and the resistivity values of the seawater, led to the definition of a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional predicting model, able to work up to 50 m depth from the seabed. Such models link the values of the resistivity measured and the lithologies of the seabed (known from the stratigraphic logs) to its stratigraphy, allowing to exclude the presence of cavities along the pathway analysed and, thus, to distinguish the karst lithologies (limestone and marly limestone) from the non-karst ones (marls and clays). Introduction The geophysical investigations aim to support the design of a gas pipeline (Melita Transgas Pipeline) in the section interested by the microtunnelling technology. The microtunnel crosses under the Delimara peninsula for 600 m and extends under the seabed for other 600 m. The purpose of the investigations was reconstructing the lithostratigraphic structure of this nearshore section, up to a depth of 50-60 m from the seabed, also assessing the fracturing conditions and any karst processes that affect the lithological formation present,