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Russia and China are nearing agreement on a 2024 construction start for the long-discussed 6700 km Power of Siberia 2 (PoS2) pipeline that would deliver Russian gas from West Siberia, previously designated for European export, to industrial areas north of Beijing via Mongolia by 2030. The proposed pipeline's 50 Bcm/year capacity nearly matches that of the 55 Bcm/year Nord Stream 1 which had carried a third of Russian gas deliveries to the EU before being shut down in September. Once built, PoS2 would double Russia's current gas exports to China as it would join up with the Russian gas network that connects to the Yamal Peninsula (West Siberia), enabling Russia to direct gas to markets east or west at will. After 3 days of talks in Moscow with Chinese President Xi Jinping in March, Russia's President Vladimir Putin announced that "nearly all parameters" have been decided to proceed with PoS2. Authorities anticipate a 2024 construction start.
Pat Davis Szymczak has covered oil and gas for 30 years, much of that out of the Eastern Hemisphere. She founded Oil & Gas Eurasia in Moscow and set up Argus Media's Russian Business. Previously, she was a staff writer/editor at the commodity magazine Futures, the Chicago Tribune, and the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. She holds an MA in journalism from the University of Illinois and a BA in international relations and Russian studies from Knox College. She can be reached at pszymczak@spe.org.
Tashbulatov, R. R. (Ufa State Petroleum Technological University) | Karimov, R. M. (Ufa State Petroleum Technological University) | Valeev, A. R. (Ufa State Petroleum Technological University) | Atroshchenko, N. A. (Ufa State Petroleum Technological University) | Mastobayev, B. N. (Ufa State Petroleum Technological University)
The paper considers a method to reduce pressures at the time of cold run in non-isothermal hot main oil pipeline stopped for the repairing. The method is based on forming booster batches to displace and replace waxy oil. A review of the regulatory and technical base for the calculation of thermal-hydraulic parameters of pumping, the study of the viscosity-temperature properties of the flow and the rheological parameters of high-viscosity oils, including in the non-stationary cold run mode, has been carried out. An analysis of the operating experience and results of studies of oil blends pumped through domestic hot oil pipelines is presented. Peculiarities of the influence of the composition on the rheological properties of pumped blends are highlighted. A set of laboratory and numerical studies of the rheological parameters of the flow of mixtures of high-viscosity heavy and solidifying waxy oils in non-stationary start-up modes depending on the ratio of oils has been carried out. To calculate the value of the static shear stress and the effective viscosity of the mixture used to prepare the booster batch with the best starting characteristics, an equation was obtained in the form of a polynomial of the fourth degree with nine coefficients. In order to improve the accuracy of modeling, taking into account the physicality of the flow process and to reduce the complexity of calculations and the volume of tests associated with them, a previously developed universal model of an asymptotic form was proposed, using which a high convergence of calculated and experimental values was obtained. On the example of the blend of heavy oil of Yaregskoye field and waxy oil Kharyaginskoye field, the practical possibility and expediency of using booster batches for the period of scheduled shutdowns and cold start-up of non-isothermal sections of the hot main oil pipeline Usa โ Ukhta โ Yaroslavl are confirmed. The ratio of oils in the booster batch found with the help of the proposed method will make it possible to significantly reduce the static shear stress and loads at cold run.
He was a rectorate adviser and professor at the Russian State Gubkin University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, chaired professor at the Northern Arctic Federal University, Archangelsk, Russia, and professor emeritus at the University of Stavanger, Norway. The child of two petroleum engineers, Zolotukhin started his oil and gas industry career with a degree in petroleum engineering from Gubkin University. He then received his MSc in reservoir engineering and PhD in fluid mechanics from Gubkin University, an MSc in applied mathematics from Moscow State University, and a doctor of technical sciences degree in reservoir engineering from Gubkin University. In 1978, he was selected for a post-doctoral fellowship in reservoir engineering at Stanford University. Zolotukhin served at Gubkin University for more than 40 years and at the University of Stavanger for more than 25 years.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a decree that could be interpreted as a backdoor move to nationalize the Sakhalin-2 offshore upstream oil and gas project and related LNG facilities as Moscow seeks to block Shell, and possibly Japan's Mitsui and Mitsubishi from selling their stakes to other international players. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied during a news conference on 1 July that the new Sakhalin-2 ownership regime outlined in the decree is in fact nationalization. But the presidential order signed on 30 June does direct the Russian government to take control of all shares, rights, obligations, and property currently held by the Bermuda-registered Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. The government will then vest those interests in a newly formed Russian limited liability company, Gazprom Sakhalin Holding, which will become the project's new operator/ Sakhalin-2's current partners will be offered new shares proportional to their old stakes and they would have a month to decide whether to accept the new terms. Even if the former partner agrees however, the government could refuse and sell the foreign-held stakes within a 4-month period to a Russian buyer.
The EU has agreed to an immediate ban on seaborne imports of Russian oil and oil products, representing two-thirds of Europe's total purchases from Moscow. While the decision temporarily allows pipeline imports of crude, those too will eventually be phased out, with Germany and Poland pledging to do so by yearend. European Council President Charles Michel announced the ban in a late-night tweet on 30 May, the first day of a 2-day extraordinary meeting of European leaders in Brussels to address energy and food security. The next day the European Commission, which executes policy decided by the council, clarified that the embargo will be phased in over 6 months, and the ban on refined products will have an 8-month delay. Russia provided nearly 30% of Europe's crude oil imports prior to the conflict in Ukraine and was Europe's largest supplier, sending nearly 2.5 times as much crude to EU member states as its nearest competitor, according to BP's Statistical Review of World Energy.
Finland has chartered a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage and regasification vessel (FSRU) from Houston-based Excelerate Energy to process LNG imports starting in Q4 to replace Russian gas supplies. Moscow cut off supplies on 21 May in response to payment disputes coupled with fallout from Finland's NATO bid. Excelerate, a US LNG company headquartered in The Woodlands, Texas, will deploy its FSRU Exemplar to the Baltic Sea region under a 10-year contract signed in Helsinki on 20 May with a subsidiary of Gasgrid Finland Oy in Helsinki, both parties announced. The Exemplar will provide regasification services to southern Finland and to Estonia under a cooperation agreement signed on 4 May in which the two countries' gas transmission operators agreed to lease the FSRU jointly. Finland is expected to bear, according to Reuters, 80% of the estimated cost at $487 million) of the decade-long rental, plus additional volume-used costs. State-owned Gasgrid Finland and Estonia's gas transmission operator Elering AS also agreed that the Exemplar would spend the winter in an Estonian port if port infrastructure in Finland was not completed in time.
Kashirskian sequence deposits of the Moscow stage are promising for replenishing the resource base of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province in conditions of depletion of the basic horizons oil reserves. In the Kashirskian sequence, 8 elementary cyclites are distinguished. These cycites have a similar lithological structure and contain signs subaeral erosion at the top. The cyclites are composed of the following lithological types of rocks: clayey mudstones (1), spongolitic siliceous limestones and silicites (2), organic-rich laminated wackestones (3), bioclastic wackestones-packstones (4), bioturbated packstones (5), foraminiferal grainstones (6), polydetritic grainstones (7), laminated bioclastic packstones (8), microcrystalline massive dolomites (9), microcrystalline laminated dolomites (10) and microcrystalline patterned dolomites (11). The main reservoirs are represented by microcrystalline dolomites with high porosity and relatively low permeability and foraminiferal grainstones, similar in properties to terrigenous reservoirs. The C2ks4 reservoir in the lower part of the Kashirskian sequence is composed of foraminiferal grainstones. It is covered by the seal of clayey limestones lithotype (1). The C2ks1 reservoir layer in the top of the Kashirskian sequence is composed of microcrystalline dolomites. The seal includes of polydetritic grainstones and laminated bioclastic packstones with sulfate inclusions. The middle part of the Kashirskian sequence is characterized by a complex interbedding of dolomite and limestone reservoirs with different filtration-volumetric properties and low-permeability rocks (possible seals). The described structural features of the Kashirskian sequence must be taken into account when calculating reserves, as well as when designing horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing.
Novikov, D. A. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Dultsev, F. F. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Yurchik, I. I. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Sadykova, Ya. V. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Derkachev, A. S. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Chernykh, A. V. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Maksimova, A. A. (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the RAS) | Golovin, S. V. (Novosibirsk State University) | Glavnov, N. G. (Gazpromneft STC LLC) | Zhukovskaya, E. A. (Gazpromneft STC LLC)
Geological storage of carbon dioxide has been recognized as a necessary technology for environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. Currently, there are no active carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) projects in Russian Federation; however rich international experience has been accumulated in this area. The main purpose of the research is to substantiate regional geological criteria for assessing the territory of the Russian Federation for the prospects for carbon dioxide disposal. Based on the current international and Russian regulatory frameworks for the disposal of carbon dioxide, industrial effluents, toxic waste, and the arrangement and monitoring of underground gas storage facilities, we have proposed criteria for a regional forecast of the territory in order to implement CCUS projects. The territory of the Russian Federation was assessed in terms of suitability for long-term storage of carbon dioxide. For the first time the territory is divided into high-, medium-, low-promising and unpromising. A map for the implementation of CCUS projects on the territory of the Russian Federation was compiled according to the regional level criteria (scale 1: 2500000) in the form of an ArcGis project. Within the Eastern European hydrogeological region, the most promising artesian basins are: Moscow, Severo-Dvinsky, Vetluzhsky, Volga-Khopersky, Volga-Sursky, Kamsko-Vyatsky. Highly promising also includes the Pechora artesian basin, located within the Pechora-Barents sea platform plate. In the West Siberian region these are the Taz-Pur and Irtysh-Ob artesian basins. In the Arctic sector of the East Siberian hydrogeological region, the greatest prospects should be associated with the Pyasino-Yenisei and Balakhna artesian basins. In the southern part, the Putoransky, Nizhne-Tungussky, Katangsky and Priangarsky artesian basins stand out as the most promising.