Electrical submersible pumps focuses on the standard ESP configuration. It has the pump, seal chamber section, and motor attached to the production tubing, in this order from top down. In some wellbore completions and unique ESP applications, the arrangement and configuration of the system is modified. For a bottom-intake design, the production fluid is drawn in the intake ports located at the very bottom of the ESP system and discharged out of ports located just below the connection to the seal-chamber section. Because the discharged production fluid cannot flow through the seal-chamber section and motor, it has to exit into the casing or liner annulus and flow past these units.

Characterizing geothermal reservoirs draws on techniques common to petroleum reservoirs. Key differences create special challenges to gaining a good understanding of geothermal reservoirs. This article covers appropriate approaches and caveats for well testing, drawdown/buildup analyses and decline curve analysis for characterizing geothermal reservoirs. Geothermal well testing is similar in many respects to transient pressure testing of oil/gas wells, with some significant differences. Many geothermal wells induce boiling in the near-well reservoir, giving rise to temperature transients as well as pressure transients. Substantial phase change may also take place in the well, further complicating analysis. Pressure tools must be kept in a high-temperature environment for long periods of time, and production intervals are frequently very small portions of overall well depth.

This page discusses various aspects of gas reservoir performance, primarily to determine initial gas in place and how much is recoverable. The equations developed can used to form the basis of forecasting future production rates by capturing the relationship between cumulative fluid production and average reservoir pressure. Material-balance equations provide a relationship between original fluids in place, cumulative fluid production, and average reservoir pressure. This equation is the basis for the p/z-vs.-Gp Reservoir engineers have often used pressure contour maps or some approximate methods to determine field average reservoir pressure for p/z analysis. Usually, however, individual well pressures are based on extrapolation of pressure buildup tests or from long shut-in periods. In either case, the average pressure measured does not represent a point value, but rather is the average value within the well's effective drainage volume (see Estimating drainage shapes).

In overbalanced drillng (OBD), a mud weight is selected that provides a hydrostatic pressure of 200 to 1,000 psi above the reservoir pressure. In UBD, we select a fluid that provides a hydrostatic pressure of around 200 psi below the initial reservoir pressure. This provides a good starting point for the selection of a fluid system. During the feasibility study, this drawdown is normally further refined, depending on the expected reservoir inflow and other drilling parameters. This first look provides an indication if the fluid should be foam or gasified or if the well is drilling with a single-phase fluid (Figure 1).

This page discusses the primary manner in which the immiscible gas/oil displacement process has been used in qualitative terms. This is the use of gas injection high on structure to displace oil downdip toward the production wells that are completed low in the oil column. In many cases, an original gas cap was present, so the gas was injected into that gas cap interval (see Figure 1[1] for cross-sectional view of anticlinal reservoir with gas cap over oil column with dip angle α and thickness h). In this situation, the force of gravity is at work, trying to stabilize the downward gas/oil displacement process by keeping the gas on top of the oil and counteracting the unstable gas/oil viscous displacement process. If the oil production rate is kept below the critical rate, then the gas/oil contact (GOC) will move downward at a uniform rate.

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines simulate as assuming the appearance of without the reality. Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behavior assumes the appearance of actual reservoir behavior. The model itself is either physical (for example, a laboratory sandpack) or mathematical. A mathematical model is a set of equations that, subject to certain assumptions, describes the physical processes active in the reservoir. Although the model itself obviously lacks the reality of the reservoir, the behavior of a valid model simulates--assumes the appearance of--the actual reservoir. The purpose of simulation is estimation of field performance (e.g., oil recovery) under one or more producing schemes. Whereas the field can be produced only once, at considerable expense, a model can be produced or run many times at low expense over a short period of time. Observation of model results that represent different producing ...

Equal to P1. Glossary of Petroleum Resources Management System - June 2018 (revised version) The process (and associated costs) of returning part or all of a project to a safe and environmentally compliant condition when operations cease. Examples include, but are not limited to, the removal of surface facilities, wellbore plugging procedures, and environmental remediation. In some instances, there may be salvage value associated with the equipment removed from the project. ADR costs are presumed to be without consideration of any salvage value, unless presented as "ADR net of salvage." Arithmetic summation of incremental categories may yield different results from probabilistic aggregation of distributions. Method used in resources estimation in the exploration and early development stages (including improved recovery projects) when direct measurement is limited. Based on evaluator's assessment of similarities of the analogous reservoir(s) together with the development plan.

Artificial lift is a method used to lower the producing bottomhole pressure (BHP) on the formation to obtain a higher production rate from the well. This can be done with a positive-displacement downhole pump, such as a beam pump or a progressive cavity pump (PCP), to lower the flowing pressure at the pump intake. It also can be done with a downhole centrifugal pump, which could be a part of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) system. A lower bottomhole flowing pressure and higher flow rate can be achieved with gas lift in which the density of the fluid in the tubing is lowered and expanding gas helps to lift the fluids. Artificial lift can be used to generate flow from a well in which no flow is occurring or used to increase the flow from a well to produce at a higher rate.

Petroleum reservoir management is a dynamic process that recognizes the uncertainties in reservoir performance resulting from our inability to fully characterize reservoirs and flow processes. It seeks to mitigate the effects of these uncertainties by optimizing reservoir performance through a systematic application of integrated, multidisciplinary technologies. It approaches reservoir operation and control as a system, rather than as a set of disconnected functions. As such, it is a strategy for applying multiple technologies in an optimal way to achieve synergy. Reservoir management has been in place in most producing organizations for several years.

The practice of using bottomhole pressure measurements to improve oil and gas production and solve problems of reservoir engineering began around 1930. Initially, pressures were calculated using fluid levels; a later method was to inject gas into the tubing until the pressure became constant. The earliest bottomhole pressure measurements were made with one-time-reading pressure bombs and maximum-indicating or maximum-recording pressure gauges that lacked the accuracy, reliability, or durability of present-day technology. The varied uses of bottomhole pressure and temperature measurements have increased in scope during the past two decades as instrumentation technologies have produced more reliable and accurate tools. These advances have made more applications possible, including multilayer reservoirs, horizontal wells, interference testing, and drawdown test interpretation.