Earthquake Induced Rockfall Along Cut Slopes - A Case Study from Luhri, Himachal Pradesh, India

Singh, Prakash Kumar (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay) | Kainthola, Ashutosh (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay) | Singh, Trilok Nath (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

OnePetro 

Abstract Rockfalls are very common along the Himalayan roadways because of the highly jointed nature of rock mass. Discontinuities in the rock mass render them extremely anisotropic, reduces the strength and create avenues for different failure mechanisms like planar, wedge and toppling in destabilizing the slopes. The formation of overhangs due to excavation, coupled with the high density of joints make them a highly susceptible zone for the initiation of rockfall activity. The present study area is a part of seismically active Himalayas (Luhri, Himachal Pradesh), where the occurrence of mild to major tremors are quite rampant. Thus, the study concentrates on the possibility of initiation of rockfall activities due to seismic activities using distinct element modelling (DEM) approach. The results shows contrasting difference in the magnitudes between displacement and velocity in static as well as in dynamic case, causing rockfall to initiate in the latter case. 1 Introduction Rockfall is a major concern along transportation corridors in hilly areas, usually prevalent in the jointed rock slopes (Ferlisi et al. 2012 and Budetta 2004). It is a two-stage phenomenon where initial stage is the detachment of blocks while the second stage relates to the motion of the falling body, post failure. The main triggering factors for the detachment of blocks are erosion and weathering along the structural discontinuities, rainfall, earthquakes and others (Dorren 2003, Singh et al. 2010, Asteriou et al. 2012). Studies have shown a good correlation between the landslides density and the areas of strongest ground motion, while their frequency declines on moving away from the epicenter (Meunier et al. 2007). Sepulveda et al. (2005) studied the rock slope failure due to topographic amplification of strong ground motion in case of Pacoima Canyon, California and observed that the most frequent failure was planar and wedge type derived from rockfalls in many cases. The dominant mode of failure can be established from the relationship between the orientation of structural discontinuities and surface topography at any particular site, but the analysis of mechanism behind the initiation of rockfall due to seismic shaking requires the application of rigorous numerical models that have the capability to model large strain of a discontinuous media. Seismically induced rockfall occurs as a combined effect of gravity and seismic acceleration producing short-lived stress, which exceeds the cohesive and frictional strength of the earth materials (Newmark 1965). As a result, slope failure can take place due to slight disturbance in slopes that may have been stable under static loading time. Earthquakes produce two types of ground accelerations. Out of the vertical and horizontal accelerations, the later one is known to cause greater impact on slopes (Romeo 2000). Past studies have shown that even an earthquake of magnitude 4.0 can trigger a rockfall activity (Keefer 1984). The threshold displacement responsible for causing landslides ranges from 2–5 cm (Wilson & Keefer 1985).

Duplicate Docs Excel Report

Title
None found

Similar Docs  Excel Report  more

TitleSimilaritySource
Modelling of Rock Bolts using the Finite Element Method1.000OnePetro
Mapping Rock Surface Roughness with Photogrammetry1.000OnePetro
Investigations on Telescope Yielding Elements with Porous Filling1.000OnePetro
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration on the Mechanical Properties of Indian Coal1.000OnePetro
Dynamic Pressures in a Plunge Pool of a Dam1.000OnePetro
Suggestion for a Documentation of Unexpected Standstills in TBM-Tunnelling1.000OnePetro
Influence of the Primary Stress State on the Disc Cutter Penetration1.000OnePetro
Finite Element Simulations of Twin Shallow Tunnels1.000OnePetro
Characterization of Basalt for Stability Assessment of an Abandoned Underground Mine in Mendig, Germany1.000OnePetro
Effect of Time and Wear on the Basic Friction Angle of Rock Discontinuities1.000OnePetro
Physical and Numerical Simulations of Super-Critical Subsidence as Affected by Opening Geometries and Depths1.000OnePetro
Petrographic, Physical and Mechanical Features of Sedimentary Rocks of the South Catarinense Coalfield, Brazil1.000OnePetro
Numerical Methods for the Design of Support Systems in a Deep Metalliferous Mine in Turkey1.000OnePetro
Compressive Strength Tests of Cabled Rock Specimens as Pillar Analogues1.000OnePetro
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength using Schmidt Hammer Rebound Number Data under Specific Geological Conditions1.000OnePetro
3D Geometrical Modeling of Folded Layers: A Case Study from Lead and Zinc Mine of Anjire, Isfahan, Iran1.000OnePetro
Real Time Stress Change Estimation using Strain Measurements1.000OnePetro
Influence of Constitutive Model Choice on Simulated Stress Path and Yield Evolution in Deep Mine Pillar Analysis – Experience from the Creighton Mine, Sudbury, Canada1.000OnePetro
Rock Mechanics Investigations in Connection with the Introduction of a New Pillar System in a Deep Magnesite Mine1.000OnePetro
An investigation of Shaft Wall Stability in Low-Strength Rock Mass Conditions at the Ust-Jaiwa Freeze Shaft Project1.000OnePetro
Simulation of Mining Impact on Water Resources1.000OnePetro
On the Development of a Slope Instability Index for Open-Pit Mines using an Improved Systems Approach1.000OnePetro
Statistical Calculation of Mean Stress Tensor using both Euclidean and Riemannian Approaches1.000OnePetro
Stability Analysis of Blocky Rock Slope Excavation Bbased on Site Non-Contact Measurement and GeoSMA-3D Modelling1.000OnePetro
Rock Soil Usage to Provide Buildings and Structures Stability in Term of Deep-Frozen Soil1.000OnePetro
Rock mechanical analysis of the underground complex in Tapiola Center, Espoo, Finland1.000OnePetro
Numerical Study on Slope Stability in Consideration of the Influence of Weathering by Two-Phase Flow Analysis1.000OnePetro
Numerical Simulation of Deep-Hole Resistivity Anomaly under Crustal Stress1.000OnePetro
Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Rock Mass Characteristics on the Stability of a Shallow Underground Structure (Due to Cruise Missile Impacts)1.000OnePetro
Non-Euclidean Model of High Stressed Rocks and Rock Masses1.000OnePetro
Multiple Point Geostatistics for the 3D-modeling of Geological Formations1.000OnePetro
Modelling of Facture Displacements from Nonuniform In-Situ Thermal Loading1.000OnePetro
Investigations on the Models of Face Rockfills for Slope Stability of Coal Mine Dumps During the Restoration1.000OnePetro
Intelligent Back Analysis Using Data from the Instrument1.000OnePetro
Fault Tips as Favorable Drilling Targets for Geothermal Prospecting – A Fracture Mechanical Perspective1.000OnePetro
Clump Models: An Improvement in the Rock Cutting Modelling by DEM?1.000OnePetro
Back Analysis of in Situ Stress at Shallow Depth using Discontinuum Numerical Modeling - A Case Study at the Odenplan Station in Stockholm, Sweden1.000OnePetro
Application of Numerical Modelling for Large-Scale Underground Excavation in Foliated Rock Mass1.000OnePetro
A Parametric Study for the Strength of Jointed Rock Mass1.000OnePetro
Seismic Induced Rock Landslides using Continuum-Based Models1.000OnePetro
The Impact of Reservoir Impounding on the Behavior of Deepseated Rock Slides1.000OnePetro
Yes, We Can! Challenges in Development of Geotechnical Failure Mechanisms with the Help of Numerical Modeling1.000OnePetro
Tunnel Modelling in the Border Area Between Hard and Soft Rock1.000OnePetro
Numerical Analyses of Deep Tunnels Driven Through Massive Faults1.000OnePetro
Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Uplift Failure in Pressurized Sealed Rock Tunnels1.000OnePetro
FEM Analysis of the Existing and New Linings for Diversion Tunnels No. 1 & 2 - Rogun Dam & HPP Project1.000OnePetro
Evaluating the Influence of Block Size in Cable Bolt Performance1.000OnePetro
Rock Mass Classification and Geotechnical Model for the Foundation of a RCC Gravity Dam1.000OnePetro
Simulation Aided Engineering – A Multi-Parametric Rock Mass Simulation Workflow1.000OnePetro
Observations for the Long-Term Behaviour of Rocks Based on Laboratory Testing1.000OnePetro
Sustainable Lining in Incompetent Rock Mass Using the Example of Konrad Mine1.000OnePetro
Maintenance Experiences from Underground Facilities in Swedish Crystalline Rock1.000OnePetro
Investigation of Long-Term Behaviour of Support Elements in Tunnelling1.000OnePetro
Long Time Monitoring and Refurbishment of the Tie-backs of Untersberg Cable Car Pillar 11.000OnePetro
Long-term Deformation of Mountain Tunnel Lining and Ground Under Swelling Rock Condition1.000OnePetro
Investigation of Some Mechanical Properties of Rocks Under the Effect of Different Body Temperatures1.000OnePetro
Lifetime of Polyethylene Geomembranes for Water Proofing of Tunnels From the Perspective of Polymer Engineering1.000OnePetro
Slope Protection Systems for EBA and ÖBB - New Standards of Performance, Sustainability and Handling - German and Austrian Railways Criteria and Approval1.000OnePetro
Understanding Extremely Varying Stress Conditions in the Ground1.000OnePetro
Tunnel Excavation in Multiple Fractured Mudstone1.000OnePetro
Rosenstein-Tunnel Stuttgart: A New Road Tunnel Project under Challenging Urban Conditions1.000OnePetro
Karavanke Tunnels in Permo-Carboniferous Rock1.000OnePetro
Valhalla - Innovative Pumped Hydro Storage Facilities in Chile – Challenges From a Rock Mechanical Point of View1.000OnePetro
Tunneling Under Challenging Conditions – General Renovation, Escape and Safety Passageways via the Supply Air Duct at the “Arlberg Road Tunnel"1.000OnePetro
Challenges of Tunneling in Adverse Geology1.000OnePetro
Lessons Learned From the Heading of the Reconnaissance Tunnel for the Kramer Tunnel, Germany1.000OnePetro
On the Non-Uniformity of Squeezing Deformations in the Ceneri Base Tunnel1.000OnePetro
Re-excavation Model of the Collapsed Tunnel Section for the Metro Station Type 2 Tunnel in İzmir-Turkey1.000OnePetro
Tunneling Challenges in Large Caverns Under Densely-Built Urban Areas – Case: Helsinki City Rail Loop1.000OnePetro
Tunneling in Difficult Ground Conditions using Different Tunnel Boring Methods1.000OnePetro
Integrated Assessment of Cliff Rockfall Hazards by Means of Rock Structure Modelling Applied to TLS data: New Developments1.000OnePetro
Influence of Geological and Meteorological Factors on the Frequency of Rockfalls1.000OnePetro
An Empirical Approach to Rockfall Fragmentation1.000OnePetro
Introducing the Q-slope Method and its Intended use Within Civil and Mining Engineering Projects1.000OnePetro
A10 Motorway – Refurbishment Reitdamm: Stabilization of a Longtime Creeping Landslide of a Hillside Embankment1.000OnePetro
Investigation and Monitoring of a Large-Scale Rock slide at the Kaunertal Hydropower Plant1.000OnePetro
Three-dimensional Displacement Behavior of a Landslide Slope due to Tunnel Excavations and Discussion on the Mechanism1.000OnePetro
Landslide Caused Problems Underground1.000OnePetro
Lessons Learned on Deep-seated Landslides Activated by Tunnel Excavation1.000OnePetro
A Study on Development of the Performance Evaluation Index for a Rock-slope1.000OnePetro
High Tensile Ringnet Canopies and the Behavior of “Self-cleaning" Effects Together with Alternative Systems1.000OnePetro
Landslides and Triggering of Flood Waves in Reservoirs and Lakes1.000OnePetro
Numerical and GIS-supported Safety Factor Calculation of Landslides for Large Areas1.000OnePetro
Remediation of a Hazardous Legacy Slope Face Using Pre-split Blasting1.000OnePetro
Rockfall Susceptibility Analysis, the Case of the Access Road to the Giants Castle Nature Reserve, South Africa1.000OnePetro
The Gorg Blau Cliff Rockfall on the Main Road of Tramuntana Mountain Range of Mallorca (Spain): A Case History1.000OnePetro
Investigation of Blast Damage from String Emulsion in the Wall and Floor of Two Experimental Tunnels in Äspö HRL1.000OnePetro
The Rock Cutting Process of Road Headers – Overview of Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulation1.000OnePetro
Rock Mechanical Aspects of Roadheader Excavation1.000OnePetro
Tunneling in Phyllitic Rocks - Experiences Obtained from NATM and TBM Drives (BBT Exploratory Tunnel Innsbruck- Ahrental, Stanzertal Hydropower Plant)1.000OnePetro
Application of TBM Monitored Data for Detailed Description of Rock Mass Parameters and Fast Determination of TBM Excavation Efficiency1.000OnePetro
Performance and Cutter Life Assessments in Hard Rock Tunnelling1.000OnePetro
Sydney North West Rail Link Project – 4 Double Shield TBMs Excavate 15 Km of Twin Tunnels1.000OnePetro
A Precise Fragmentation Technique for Geomaterials Based on Wave Dynamics1.000OnePetro
An Artificial Neural Network Approach for the Prediction of Abrasivity of Hard Rocks using Acoustic Emission1.000OnePetro
Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for the Assessment of Excavation Damaged Zone using Uniaxial Compressive Strength Data1.000OnePetro
Assessment of Intact Rock Strength in Anisotropic Rock - Theory, Experiences and Implications on Site Investigation1.000OnePetro
Assessment of Rock Abrasiveness by Various Methods for Prediction of Drilling Bit Wear1.000OnePetro
Classification of Flints for Drill Wear Potential1.000OnePetro