Environmental Research Project for Yamburg Gas Field

Chlenov, A.V. (Arcticneftegazstroi USSR)

OnePetro 

Abstract Intensive development of gas and oil fields in the arctic Regions provokes ecological disbalance and results in the new nature-technical formation : "nature-ecosystem" which in its turn calls for the revision of the complex program of research and practical measures for invironmental protection. practical measures for invironmental protection. The main objective of the system is to bring down the technogenic impact that goes together with the development of the fields and to restore the ecological balance in the newly developed system. Introduction In the nature-technical system being formed during the development of gas fields it is the vegetation cover that is exposed to the impact. The short characteristics of soil and vegetation cover on Yamburg gas fields in the Tazovsky peninsula. The formation of soil cover is determined by the peculiarities of biological and climatic situation in the region. The process of soil formation in the sub-arctic zone proceeds in over-damp conditions, shortage of heat and concerns only a shallow layer thawing in summer. These conditions define the slow circulation rates of the substances. Frost processes are very developed in these regions processes are very developed in these regions and they result in polygons and cracks formation. In the majority of cases the crack conditions are complicated by heaving, solifluction, thermokarst processes. On account of a considerable humidity of the grounds and the active layer a kind of micro-relief is formed. The vegetation cover is not to be found only on the lands with a strong wind erosion. A great number of plots with different degree of vegetation were given the name "spotted tundra" and this difference is due to soil-ground heaving. The direction of tundra soil forming processes is determined by the close permafrost ice deposits and which results in stable overdamp glayey condition formations, cryogenic moisture and mass interchange, horizontal above frost elluviation. The process of wind erosion of minerals and decomposition of vegetation remnants is rather slow. During the vegetation decomposition in the conditions of the short warming season, overdamp and low temperature conditions, fulva-acids closely related to mineral colloids are formed and this is the index of their inertness to minerals. The joint influence of the climate and vegetation/permafrost hinders the development of the root system/results in low capacity of soil horizons and shortened soil profile. The cryogenic processes described profile. The cryogenic processes described above determine the heterogenety of microrelief and vegetation cover. The vegetation cover is rather diverse and is characterized by a considerable complexity. The main groups are mosses and lichens. A lot of moss-shrub groups are to be found, their vegetation forming several layers. The upper layer consists of dwarf birches, the upper layer of shrubs and perennial grasses and the lower layer of mosses and lichens. P. 817

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