Recent Developments In the Application of 3D Imaging For Tunnelling

Gaich, A. (3G Software & Measurement GmbH) | Pötsch, M. (3G Software & Measurement GmbH) | Schubert, Wulf (Graz University of Technology)

OnePetro 

Abstract: 3D imaging has become a frequently used method for gathering quantitative rock mass data and documenting in situ rock mass conditions after excavation. As a supplement to conventional geological mapping it increases working safety and improves data completeness. The method is fast and easy to apply, and provides a permanent, objective, accurate, and detailed 3D record of the rock mass. Apart from the documentation, the results of a 3D image analysis form a part of the final support design and allow for the prediction of the rock mass conditions. This paper briefly reviews the 3D imaging technology following the computer vision principle and subsequently the additional possibilities for the registration of 3D images without the need for any external surveying system. After describing the capabilities for geological mapping a recent extension of the technology is given where instant geological mapping on digital photographs right in front of a tunnel face is performed and measurements are upgraded to 3D information. 1 INTRODUCTION Photogrammetry is the art and science to measure from photographs with first applications in topographic mapping dating back to 1849 (Slama 1980). Classical photogrammetry required purpose made (and hence expensive) cameras as well as mechanical complex equipment in order to assess the photographs especially if accurate measurements were sought. Digital imagery opened the door to algorithmic processing and led to new concepts often summarised under the term "Computer Vision" (Faugeras 1993). With its help off-the-shelf cameras have been applied and algorithms better suitable for computer programs have been adopted (Gaich et al. 2008). Since geological mapping involves the use of visual data (e.g. rock type or rock quality) and geometric data (e.g. spatial orientation or spacing), it is straightforward to use an entity such as a 3D image for geological assessments.

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