Oil and gas processing

Petrowiki 

Oil and gas wells produce a mixture of hydrocarbon gas, condensate or oil; water with dissolved minerals, usually including a large amount of salt; other gases, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide (CO2), and possibly hydrogen sulfide (H2S); and solids, including sand from the reservoir, dirt, scale, and corrosion products from the tubing. The purpose of oil and gas processing is to separate, remove, or transform these various components to make the hydrocarbons ready for sale. A production facility's job is to separate the well stream into three components, commonly referred to as "phases" (oil, gas, and water), and then process or dispose of these phases in an environmentally safe manner. In mechanical devices called "separators" gas is flashed from the liquids and "free water" is separated from the oil. The goal is to produce oil that meets the purchaser's specifications that define the maximum allowable amounts of the following: * Water * Salt * Other impurities Similarly, the gas must be processed to meet purchaser's water vapor and hydrocarbon dewpoint specifications to limit condensation during transportation. Several factors should be considered when selecting a treating system to determine the most desirable method of treating crude oil to pipeline requirements.

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