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The problem of the formation of volatile organochlorine compounds during the initial distillation of oil as a result of decomposition of chemicals containing salts of quaternary ammonium compounds (Russian)
Sinev, A. V. (Gazpromneft-Prirazlomnoe LLC) | Devyashin, T. V. (Gazpromneft-Prirazlomnoe LLC) | Kunakova, A. M. (Gazpromneft NTC LLC) | Sayfutdinova, L. R. (Gazpromneft NTC LLC) | Usmanova, F. G. (Gazpromneft NTC LLC) | Krikun, A. N. (NDCS Nefteprom?him) | Lestev, A. E. (NDCS Nefteprom?him)
A.V. Sinev, T.V. Devyashin Gazpromneft-Prirazlomnoe LLC, RF, Saint-Petersburg A.M. Kunakova, L.R. Sayfutdinova, F.G. Usmanova Gazpromneft NTC LLC, RF, Saint-Petersburg A.N. Krikun, A.E. Lestev NDCS Neftepromсhim, RF, Kazan Research, the results of which are presented in the article, are devoted to the detection of LHOS in naphtha and chemical reagents and are due to stricter requirements for the quality of marketable oil in accordance with the Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union On the Safety of Oil Prepared for Transportation and (or) TR EAEU 045/2017. The practical significance of the work is to reduce the risk of the formation of volatile organochlorine compounds in marketable oil due to the use of chemicals. As a result of the studies, the formation of volatile organochlorine compounds (the so-called secondary organochlorine compounds) was discovered due to the decomposition of salts of Quaternary ammonium bases contained in some oilfield chemicals. References 1. Krikun N.G., Lost control.
ABSTRACT Thread compounds are critical in achieving a leak-tight seal and for the prevention of connection damage during the make-up, running, and break-out of OCTG pipe. Over the last several years, there has been an increased awareness of the variance in thread compound performance properties and the need to evaluate the effect on field operational practices and to set compound selection criteria accordingly. These variances occur not only between different compound types, but also between compounds of the same general imposition. Differences in performance properties are seen particularly in the new generation of proprietary compounds that have been developed to address the increasing environmental regulations and concerns that are effecting all segments of the industry. Full-scale testing of thread compounds either in the field or the laboratory can be cost prohibitive and presents variables that are difficult or impossible to control. T5is paper presents an overview of recent API research projects that have the objective of developing small-scale, standardized laboratory test procedures that can be used to determine relative performance properties, predict field performance, and be utilized for quality control both in the manufacture and purchasing of thread compounds. INTRODUCTION Compound Performance requirements: Thread compounds provide three main functions in OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods) connections:Lubrication of the mating surfaces to allow the proper engagement of the connection members. Protection against metal to metal contact and galling at high connection bearing stresses. Sealing of potential leak paths at high internal pressures. Background: Various test programs have been carried out over the years, both within the API and by other industry groups and individual companies, to quantify these performance functions. The test programs for the most part resulted either in test procedures that were cost prohibitive or did not yield results that could be correlated or extrapolated to field use. The impetus for these test programs initially was the apparent variation in thread compound performance properties in field applications. The variations were observed not only between dissimilar compounds but among compounds of the same type from different manufacturers and even among different lots from the same manufacturer. Environmental Factors: Until recently, compounds used for both drilling and production applications have contained a substantial percentage of heavy metals, either lead, copper, zinc or a combination of the three. These compounds for the most part have been fairly generic with well defined categories sharing similar performance properties. The tables of recommended torque values and operational practices published by the API and pipe manufacturers are based on the use of these compounds. Increasing environmental regulations and concerns have resulted in a new generation of thread compounds that have eliminated or reduced substantially the heavy metal content. These compounds are of proprietary formulation and can vary widely both in composition and performance properties.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Mediterranean Sea (0.24)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (0.69)
- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design (0.47)
SPE Members Abstract Environmental regulations are prompting the oil and gas industry to consider replacement of thread compound formulations which have served for more than three decades. Replacement is necessary because these traditional compounds contain significant percentages (up to about 65%) of heavy metal powders. Use of copper, lead and zinc, as well as persistent synthetic materials, such as PTFE, has been restricted by environmentally conscious PTFE, has been restricted by environmentally conscious governments. Replacement presents several problems because of the nature and severity of the application. This paper summarizes field experiences using a new technology rotary shouldered thread compound. This work includes field tests and drilling experiences in several geographic areas. In addition, it describes practical challenges and economic considerations with an environmentally acceptable compound. Because new technology is needed soon, this paper provides a brief overview of the application, general performance requirements, and basis for changing to environmentally acceptable compounds. Introduction Environmental safety has become one of the most significant issues in the oil and gas industry in recent years. Changes have been made to reduce the impact of drilling operations on the environment. As a result, thread compounds have become one of the more significant sources of pollution remaining within the industry. There are two basic thread compound types used within the oil and gas industry. The casing, tubing and linepipe compound (described in API BUL 5A2) an the rotary shouldered thread compound (described in API RP 7A1). Operators and suppliers have spent a great deal of research and energy in considering alternatives to the BUL 5A2 compound. This paper addresses the rotary shouldered (RP 7A1) applications. Rotary shouldered (or drill pipe) thread compounds lubricate and seal tool joints during drilling. One estimate shows the annual usage of drill pipe compound to be 600 million pounds per year. When pipe is made up, as much as 70% of the compound used is excess. This excess squeezes out into the drilling fluid and becomes a source of pollution. Since conventional compounds contain an average of 50% (by weight) heavy metals there is a potential of approximately 21 million pounds of heavy metal pollutants. While not all of this heavy metal impacts the environment, the potential for impact is significant. Environmental agencies are becoming aware of this potential and are acting to write and enforce regulations potential and are acting to write and enforce regulations against the use of conventional thread compounds. At the beginning of 1992, Canada and the Dutch and British North Sea began operating under new enforcement policies. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) appears to be preparing to enforce regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). These regulations will require operators to return to background levels the soil around drilling sites. P. 695
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.69)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.88)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Southern North Sea > Southern Gas Basin > Sole Pit Basin > Block 48/14 > Barque Field (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Southern North Sea > Southern Gas Basin > Sole Pit Basin > Block 48/13a > Barque Field (0.99)
ABSTRACT Compositions of inert fillers suitable for use both as lubricants and as sealants of threaded joints on oil-country tubular goods have been investigated Tubing joints were made up with various products and pressure tested (to 10,000 psi hydrostatic pressure) to study the effect of composition upon the properties of thread compounds. Test results prove that certain mixtures of lead, zinc, copper, and graphite dispersed in a suitable vehicle are satisfactory for this application. This thread compound forms a leak-resistant seal in the standardized 8-pitch round-thread tubing joint Field tests Indicate that the vibration to which mill-end joints are subjected during shipment from the null to the field has little effect upon the joint seal formed by this composition INTRODUCTION The advent of deeper drilling has resulted in higher service pressures, increased formation temperatures, and heavier string loads As a result, the problem of joint leakage in casing and tubing is of major importance. Field results have proved conclusively that threaded joints on oil-country tubular goods will not be pressure tight unless the threads are properly coated with a suitable thread compound Most of the commercially available products consist of metallic zinc dispersed in a grease composition. These products have not been found suitable for deep high-pressure wells because they do not provide the necessary joint tightness At its 1947 meeting, the Special Research Sub- committee on Pipe (of the API Committee on Standardization of Oil Country Tubular Goods) recommended that the American Petroleum Institute sponsor an investigation for the purpose of developing a satisfactory thread compound Following are the requirements for such a compound as outlined in the report of that meeting Must have adequate lubricating qualities to prevent galling in the threaded connection during make-up Must not disintegrate nor undergo radical changes in volume at temperatures up to and including 300 F. Must not become too fluid at temperatures up to and including 300 F Must have sufficient sealing action to be leak proof at a temperature of 300 F Must be stable and contain no drier or hardener to evaporate or oxidize and thus change the characteristics Must not readily absorb water Must contain an inert filler adequate to prevent leakage in API round-thread casing and tubing joints. Should be readily applicable with a brush in cold weather. The recommendation was approved and a fellowship was established at Mellon Institute of Industrial Research effective May 1, 1949 GENERAL SUMMARY A pipe-thread compound consists of three components, viz., a sealant capable of forming a pressure-tight joint, a thread lubricant to insure adequate joint make-up at a reasonable torque and to prevent galling or chafing of threads, and a vehicle or carrier to hold these components in suspension and aid in their application to the thread surfaces. In practice, it may be difficult to distinguish between the components serving as the sealant and those providing the thread lubrication. Most fillers incorporated in commercial thread compounds affect both the sealing characteristics and the torque requirements for joint makeup Thus, these components appear to function in both capacities. However, thread lubrication and joint sealing are two distinct requirements and will, therefore, be considered separately
- Research Report > New Finding (0.34)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)
Organization of control over changes in the content of organochlorine compounds at oil treatment facilities of Samaraneftegas JSC (Russian)
Kozhin, V. N. (SamaraNIPIneft LLC) | Konovalov, V. V. (SamaraNIPIneft LLC) | Pashkevich, K. L. (Samaraneftegas JSC) | Khafizov, V. M. (Samaraneftegas JSC) | Shishkanov, B. A. (Samaraneftegas JSC) | Chernov, A. E. (Samaraneftegas JSC) | Kirillov, A. S. (SamaraNIPIneft LLC) | Bodogovsky, S. V. (SamaraNIPIneft LLC)
An important condition for the successful operation of an oil production enterprise is the provision of a given level of oil production and its preparation in accordance with the current regulations. Among the quality indicators of commercial oil, special attention is required to control the content of volatile organochlorine compounds (OCC) in the fraction boiling up to a temperature of 204 ° C (GOST R 51858-2002), since the technological design of oil treatment facilities does not allow cleaning oil from OCC in case their concentration exceeds over regulated values. This paper presents the experience of organizing control over the change in the concentration of OCC in well products and commercial oils on the example of one of the large field oil treatment facilities of JSC Samaraneftegas. It is shown that the concentration of OCC in commercial oil depends on the content of natural organochlorine compounds, geological and technical measures and the use of oilfield reagents. Information on the background content of natural (native) OCC in well production is presented. The average content of native OCC in oil for the studied objects is 1.1 ppm, among which the presence of high molecular weight chlorine-substituted paraffinic hydrocarbons of linear or weakly branched structure with boiling points above 204 °C is recorded. The results of the field assessment of the impact of some types of geological and technical measures on the dynamics of changes in forestry and chemical treatment are presented. Preliminary results showed that geological and technical measures lead to an increase in the content of OCC in the well production, but not higher than the regulated values. The results of the studies (taking into account the continuation of the accumulation of statistical information) can be the basis for predicting changes in forest chemical treatment facilities for oil treatment facilities (nodal mixing points), determining the most "problematic" areas, adjusting geological and technical measure plans in order to ensure control of the forest chemical treatment plant content and exclude situations leading to an increase in their concentration in commercial oil.