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Collaborating Authors
Characteristics and Factors of Beach Safety Accidents: A Case Study from Dadonghai Beach, China
Chen, Yanzhe (College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) | Li, Yuan (College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) | Shi, Jian (College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) | Zhang, Chi (College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province)
ABSTRACT Data on beach accidents on the Dadonghai from 2004 to 2021 was collected by conducting a web search. The data collected includes the time of the accident, the number of people involved, their age, gender, place of origin and the activities they were doing at the time of the accident. During this period, there were 38 beach safety accidents involving a total of 112 people, of which 28 were fatal. Compared to the National Beach Safety Database of China, the accidents were concentrated in the summer months (i.e., June, July and August) when there is a high volume of tourists, with an average of 2.9 persons involved in a single accident, compared to 1.8 persons involved in accidents in the database. The majority of accidents occurred between the hours of 15:00 to 18:00 and 18:00 to 21:00. A comparison of demographic characteristics revealed that the largest proportion of accidents occurred between 18 and 24 years old (36%), followed by 7 to 17 years old (27%). In terms of gender, the number of males was approximately five folds larger than that of females. With respect to the place of origin of the tourists involved in the accidents, 68% were not recorded, and in terms of the total number, 27% of the injured were out- of-town. The morphology of Dadonghai beach is analyzed, a steep beach slope of 1/20 is found, which is likely to trigger shore-breaks and drive wave-induced currents near the shoreline. Based on Satellite images, 4 remarkable rip current channels are found, indicating the high risk of rip current on this beach. INTRODUCTION Beaches, as a location in every coastal country, are visited by many tourists from all over the world, whether they are tourist beaches managed by the relevant authorities or unmanaged natural wild beaches. However, there are always dangers at every turn when playing at the beach. Due to the complex bathymetry of many beaches, which are controlled by waves, tides, currents and morphology, there are many potential safety hazards. According to national and international research, the greatest threat to beachgoers is the presence of rip currents and shore-break waves. According to the U.S. Lifesaving Society, over 80% of beach rescues in the U.S. are caused by rip currents each year (USLA, 2012; Brewster and Gould, 2014; Lascody, 1998; Lushine, 1991), and in Australia, 89% of beach rescues (over 25,000 per year) performed by lifeguards and surfers are caused by rip currents (Short and Hogan, 1994; Sherker et al., 2008; SLSA, 2011). Castelle et al. (2018) found the shore-break wave is the main cause (44.6%) of coastal injuries in southwestern of France. Similar results were also reported by Muller (2018) that 82% of coastal injuries were caused by shore-break waves in Ocean City, Maryland, from 2006 to 2015.
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (0.46)
- Management > Professionalism, Training, and Education > Communities of practice (0.40)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Knowledge management (0.40)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (0.34)
Role Of Design and Operational Deficiencies on Occupational Accidents Onboard Merchant Ships
Turan, Osman (University of Strathclyde) | Kurt, Rafet (University of Strathclyde) | Navas de Maya, Beatriz (University of Strathclyde) | Flower, Courteney (University of Strathclyde) | Bantan, Hadi (University of Strathclyde) | Arslan, Ozcan (Istanbul Technical University) | Uflaz, Esma (University of Strathclyde, Istanbul Technical University)
_ Although, occupational injuries and fatalities onboard merchant ships show decreasing trends over the years, they are still significantly above the rates observed in the land based industries. This study critically evaluates the maritime occupational injuries and fatalities in international merchant shipping over the last 20 years by reviewing the reported studies and publications; available major data sources and taxonomies around the world with an aim of identifying the causes of those injuries and fatalities. The study, also present the detailed results of the systematic analysis of occupational accident database highlighting main causal factors. The analyses are carried out by studying the injuries and fatalities separately, in order to have a deeper understanding and better identification of the circumstances leading to injuries and fatalities. The study also presents the design and operational deficiencies leading to occupational accidents onboard merchant ships. Results of the data analyses clearly indicate that fall overboard of a person is the top immediate causal factor for fatalities, while slips, trips and falls on the same level is the top immediate causal factor for injuries.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
- Health & Medicine > Therapeutic Area (0.94)
Key Takeaways Approximately two-thirds of the 2016 U.S. imports originated in countries with workplaces less safe than those in the U.S. The U.S. has failed to achieve the low fatal injury rates attained by some top importing countries. Readers are asked to reflect on how the U.S. can share its knowledge and use its influence to reduce occupational injuries elsewhere, as well as learn from the safety and health systems implemented in countries with safer workplaces. This research began as an exploration of OSH in different countries. The primary objective was to compare fatal injury rates in other countries with the U.S. The secondary objective was to learn about the scope, accuracy, limitations and differences in occupational injury statistics from other nations. The tertiary objective was to gain insight into the regulation and oversight of OSH, as well as economic activities of other countries. To limit the research to a manageable number of countries representing different parts of the world but having an intrinsically important relationship with the U.S., the top 12 importing countries were selected. The U.S. has the largest import economy and the second largest export economy in the world. In 2016, the U.S. imported $2.21 trillion and exported $1.42 trillion (OEC, 2019). To place imports and exports in perspective, the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016 was $18.6 trillion (Investopedia, 2018). The U.S. ranks in the top 10 countries of highest per capita GDP and enjoys a high standard of living. The country also has a high standard for OSH. But many products sold by U.S. companies are manufactured in other parts of the world. Products assembled in the U.S. contain components manufactured outside the U.S. Many products and equipment used by U.S. companies and residents are manufactured elsewhere. This article reviews the top 12 importers from 2016 and common import categories. It also compares fatal occupational injury incidence rates of the top importers with the U.S. Some countries have rates notably lower than the U.S. Based on the author's analysis, approximately two-thirds of the imports originate in countries with workplaces less safe than those in the U.S. The occupational safety record reflected in many products and components we use in the U.S. is substandard to what is permissible in the U.S.
- Materials (1.00)
- Law (1.00)
- Health & Medicine (1.00)
- (4 more...)
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference held in Amsterdam, Holland, 9-11 March 1999.
- Europe > United Kingdom (0.29)
- Europe > Netherlands > North Holland > Amsterdam (0.24)
Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 1, 1998, pages 44-50. Traditionally, improved safety practices in the E&P industry have been in response to safety failures or emerging regulations, and the focus has been on injury statistics rather than on overall safety performance. Because of this approach, safety improvement in the E&P industry has been slow. To produce better results and to keep pace with quality and technology advancements in other areas of the industry, the safety culture in the E&P industry must change more quickly. Safety performance depends on modifying behavior. This occurs when the unsupervised employee is motivated to take correct action. Compliance manuals, safety staff, incentive awards, regulatory training, and new computer-based training do not truly modify the behavior of employees who are unsupervised nearly 100% of the time. Re-engineering individual safety processes or a company's management system does not produce the needed change. Consultants armed with new safety-management terminology and behavioral-observation programs with employee involvement have emerged in recent years. While proactive, these attempts are mostly superficial and fail to address the driving forces behind true behavioral change. Closing the Gap The companies discussed contrast a safety belief system aimed at quality with one aimed at mediocrity. The difference between the two collections of beliefs, values, and norms represents a cultural gap. This gap has more potential influence on the unsupervised behavior of employees and on management decisions than all training and packaged safety programs combined. It is this gap that potentially prohibits the E&P industry from making strides in safety that are commensurate with technological advances in the industry. The examples also show systematic ways to recognize and successfully change the safety culture and close this gap. The cases described reflect significant change in cultural value systems, which in turn, produced both short-term safety results and benefits in other areas. Managing safety well became the vehicle to manage everything well. The examples demonstrate that traditional safety values of the E&P industry can change. While the aim of most safety programs is behavior modification, this approach aims at fundamental feelings about safety. As the E&P industry enters the next century, this depth of change will be necessary with the incoming work force. Attacking these cultural beliefs to close the gap in elemental order as presented, combined with sound management processes, provides a guide to change.