Layer | Fill | Outline |
---|
Map layers
Theme | Visible | Selectable | Appearance | Zoom Range (now: 0) |
---|
Fill | Stroke |
---|---|
Collaborating Authors
Logging research in the U.S.S.R. is carried out in a number of institutes, including (1) in Moscow the All Union Research Institute for Nuclear Geophysics and Geochemistry, the I.M. Gubkin Institute for the Petrochemical and Gas Industry, and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Geophysics (VNII) and (2) in various Branches of these institutes outside of Moscow, as for Example the Volga-Ural Branch of VNII. International conferences on well logging were held in Poland in 1962 and in 1965. A U. S. exchange delegation visit to the Soviet Union in 1965 included many aspects of well logging. From these meetings and the published Russian language literature on well logging, the author has compiled a review of recent developments in well logging in the U.S.S.R. The principal topics covered in this review are acoustical and nuclear logging methods and log interpretation. Acoustic logs are used in open and cased holes in much the same way as in the U. S. acoustic velocity logs for porosity; acoustic amplitude logs for studying the elastic properties of rocks, for fracture location and for indicating cement bonding of casing. A variety of radioactivity logs are in widespread use. The gamma-gamma log has been developed primarily for evaluation of cement behind pipe and in minerals prospecting; it is used to a lesser extent for formation density determination. Pulsed neutron logs are in widespread use and are run in both open and cased holes. Log interpretation work includes studies of high salinity formation waters and high alinity muds, identification of fractured reservoirs, and the use of computers for log analysis. Computers are used in gamma-ray log interpretation; to provide a lithologic log from the combination of several logs; and by means of "self-learning" programs to make statistical analyses of suites of logs for providing various geological and geophysical parameters.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- Europe > Russia > Central Federal District > Moscow Oblast > Moscow (0.46)
- North America > United States > California (0.46)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
A differential gravity tube is formed by incomplete mixing of two miscible liquids of different gravities. If it is done in a graduate cylinder or buret the graduations are easily changed to gravity units of density. This is done by putting materials of known density in the tube and they will assume a location in the tube according to the gravity of the liquid at the spot where they float. It can be done with test minerals of known gravities or with synthetic materials impervious to the solvent characteristics of the liquids used. Synthetic materials are more easily obtained without air entrapped within them and also can be readily obtained in thin flat form which float in a horizontal plane to give accurate readings that are easy to take. Also they are readily available in quantity at low cost.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > United States > Colorado (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (0.89)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.67)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.93)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.48)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Powder River Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Utah > Paradox Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > New Mexico > San Juan Basin > Dakota Sandstone Formation (0.99)
- (7 more...)
SYNOPSIS. When a hole has been drilled, or at intervals during the drillzng, it as a general practice to run an electrical survey or a radioactivity survey to secure a complete record of the f ormations penetrated. Such recordings are o/ immediate value for the geological correlation of the strata, and also for the detection and evaluation of possibly productive horizons. In the present state of the electric logging technique, several different kinds of resistivity curves or logs can be recorded in bore holes in addition to the potential, or SP", curve. The various types of resistil L vity logs correspond to the use of different resistivity measuring devices, and are accordzngly designated as conventional logs, Laterolog, Guard Electrode Log, Induction Log, Microlog, Micro - Laterolog, and Contact Log. Radioactivity logging includes the gamma and neutron logs which, respectively, record the natural radioactivity of the formations and the eflects due to bombardment of the formations by neutrons. Furthermore, the information obtained from electrical or radioactivity logs may be supplemented by side wall cores of the formations taken from the walls of the hole, or by other types of investigations which can be performed in drill holes, such as caliper surveys, directional surveys, dipmeter surveys, temperature surveys, and seueral others. Many of these logging and evaluation methods, including logs and surveys made in producing ll)Pl /S, clre separately described in the articles comprising this symposium on well bow surveys. RI%UM$. Une fois termink le forage d 'un piiits, ou ci certains moments du forage, on procede gkniralement iC. l'enregistrement d 'un diagramme Clectrique ou radioactif apn d'avoir line reprisentation complete des formations rencontrdes. De tels enregistrements sont immddiatement utilisables pour les corrilations geologiques ainsi, que pour la reconnaissance et l'Ctude des horizons Cventuellement productifs. D nns l'Ctat actuel de la technique de la diagraphie Clectrique, il est possible, en plus de la cozcrbe de potentiel spontane', ou courbe Ps N n, d'enregistrer dans les puits plusieurs courbes ou diagrammes de rdsistivitk de nature diffhente. Ces divers diagrammes rdsrcltent de l'emploi de diffdrents types de sondes pour lti mesure de la rdsistivite: c'est ainsi que l'on utilise les sondes classiques, le latdrolog, la sonde a electrode gardie, la sonde Ci induction, le microlog, le rnicrolatdrolog et la sonde a contact. La diagraphie radionctive comprend les diagmmmes de rayons gamma et les diagrammes neutron, lesquels consistent respectiuement dans l'enregistrement de la radtoactivite naturelle et des efiets provoques par le bom, bardem'ent de la formation par des neutrons. Par ailleurs, les informations fournies par les diagram, mes Clectriques et radioactifs pe
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.92)
- North America > Canada (0.67)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Mediterranean Sea (0.27)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.46)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.64)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.45)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (27 more...)
ABSTRACT This article covers the essentials of the tools and practice of basic Russian well logs and Russian log analysis techniques used by the geophysical analyst. Emphasis is placed on those tools used in Russia which are significantly different than their counterparts in the western oil fields. This is surely a rapidly changing world. Many companies are on their way to Russia or one of its former republics, or is contemplating such a move. In truth, it might be simpler if you were going to Antarctica. The learning curve of many disciplines will be an important early part of your venture. There is a multitude of significantly different technologies to understand. Those professionals dealing with wireline logs probably will have a tougher time than most. Not only will they be evaluating logs with very unfamiliar curves and analytical techniques, but they will also have a log heading with some important information written in Russian, and no idea where to get the other equally important information. The penalty for not learning this new technology is the loss of a mountain of valuable information. The well log analyst or in Russian terminology the geophysical analyst needs to understand scaling and calibration, curve responses and many other facets of the logs to be able to obtain values from curves and correct them if necessary, for use as input into the various equations, etc. The geologist must know curve responses to know how to correlate, for example, an existing Russian log and a newly run western style log. Engineers doing recompletions will need to understand the well in which he is working. The geotechnician, digitizing a Russian log must be able to follow one curve all the way, which is no mean feat when there is no line style and the curves with which he is working are copies in black and white.
Abstract. As the search, exploration and development of oil and gas fields becomes more and more complicr.ted involving greater well depths and the necessity of investigating complex reservoir formations, the borehole geophysicist has been facing problems frequently insoluble with standard combinations of well logging methods. To settle the problems that have arisen, a complex of methods including nuclear magnetism, geoacoustics and electromagnetics has been developed and is extensively used in the Soviet Union. The paper reviews the physical fundamentals and informational characteristics of wide-band acoustic, pulsed neutron, nuclear magnetism, dielectric and gamma ray logging methods. The efficiency of the methods is demonstrated by their capabilities to identify reservoir formations and to determine their properties, to determine the saturation character, to estimate fluid mobility in the near-borehole zone and to determine elementary composition. The capabilities of the above methods are also shown in the exploration and additional exploration of oil fields, in oil field development control and formation tests, dnd in well completion quality control. The paper gives an example of integrated deployment of the methods in the survey of a super-deep well. Résumé. Au cours des dernières années, les techniciens du pétrole ont été confrontés à des problèmes de complexité croissante pour la prospection, l'étude et l'exploitation des gisements de pétrole et de gaz naturel. Les géophysiciens ont commencé à s'intéresser à de nouveaux types de pièges, de réservoirs et de systèmes de fluide. Les méthodes classiques de diagraphie se sont révélées inefficaces dans ces conditions. Ces nouvelles préoccupations géophysiques ont soulevé de nombreux problèmes fondamentaux impliquant en premier lieu l'analyse de la composition élémentaire des roches et leur état de tension complexe. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, on a élaboré et largement utilisé en URSS un ensemble de méthodes physico-nucléaires géoacoustiques et électromagnétiques. I1 s'agit principalement de diagraphie acoustique, de diagraphie à neutrons pulsés, de spectrométrie gamma de la radiation naturelle et de la diagraphie à onde diélectrique. Les recherches géophysiques spéciales des forages profonds sont basées sur ces méthodes. Le traitement des données de diagraphie acoustique, de diagraphie à neutrons pulsés, de diagraphie par RMN et de diagraphie à onde diélectrique fournit des informations sur la microstructure du réservoir, sur l'état de la tension et sur la mobilité du fluide aux alentours du forage. On utilise pour l'étude des conditions de sédimentation les données de
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.68)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Naturally occurring radioactive materials (0.94)