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Abstract The approach to the petroleum potential of deep-sea areas of the Mediterranean and Carribean Seas is made through discussion of the general tectonic history of these areas, the geology of their margins and the hydrocarbon fields and shows already found. Many parts of the deep-sea areas in question appear to be previously emerged or shallow-water regions foundered in Tertiary times which should therefore have similar a priori petroleum potential to any other comparable conventional prospective area. Thickness and type of Sediments, widespread salt layers and their halokinesis, deep-sea deltaic fans, scarps and trenches are also discussed. Résumé Le potentiel pétrolier des zones profondes de la Méditerranée et des Caraïbes, est abordé par l'étude de l'histoire tectonique de ces régions, la géologie de leurs marges et les champs et indices d'hydrocarbures déjà découverts. Une bonne partie des zones profondes en question semble être des zones anciennement émergées ou peu profondes, ayant été effondrées au Tertiaire. Ces régions présentent donc un intérêt pétrolier semblable à celui de prospects classiques comparables. Les problèmes pétroliers, sont aussi liés aux particularités suivantes: épaisseur et nature des sédiments; couches de sel et leur halocinèse; deltas profonds; escarpements et fossés. 1. INTRQDUCTION The link between the Mediterranean and the Caribbean Seas is that they must have both been a part of the Tethys hiatus which originated in Upper Carboniferous times; they are both :inserted between two continental blocks-Eurasia and Africa for the Mediterranean Sea, North and South America for the Caribbean Sea; bounded by orogenic belts; and similar in their Tertiary evolution. But it is also well known that today's Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas have little to do with the more or less equatorial Mesozoic and early Tertiary Tethys. They actually correspond to late Tertiary pull-apart and primarily foundered areas, partly superimposed to bordering tectonic units, partly as collapsed inner sides or subsiding foredreps of orogenic arcs. ' It is essentially the recognition of the importance of vertical movement as opposed to the Atlantic type of ocean opening that will govern our approach to the by R. S. BYRAMJEE, J. F. MUGNIOT, Compagnie Française du Pétroles, France, and B. BIJU-DUVAL, Institut Français des Pétroles, France petroleum potential of the deep-water areas of the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. 2. THE DEEP MEDITERRANEAN BASINS The Mediterranean Sea has a surface area of 2.5 million km2, 1.4 million of which being areas where the water depth exceeds 1000 m; the 2000 m water depth contour covers about 1 million km2. This is to say that the deep and very deep water area covers about 60% of the Mediterranean Sea. The area of water depth greater than 200 m corresponds to
- North America (1.00)
- Europe > France (0.69)
- Europe > Italy (0.68)
- (2 more...)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Tertiary (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Quaternary (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Pliocene (0.72)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- South America > Venezuela > Caribbean Sea > Venezuela Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Italy > Ionian Sea > Mediterranean Basin > Ionian Basin (0.99)
- Europe > France > Mediterranean Sea > Mediterranean Basin > Balearic Basin (0.99)
- (7 more...)
ABSTRACT The offshore Sirt Basin is an underexplored basin with considerable hydrocarbon potential, and the Messinian section is poorly understood. It records a significant evaporitic event, and represents a valuable analogue for understanding evaporite deposition in the geological record. Messinian seismic facies in the Gulf of Sirt have been identified, subdivided and analysed to constrain the relative timing of key depositional and erosional episodes in this complex stratigraphic interval. An enigmatic feature of the interval is ‘palaeo-Lake Sirt’, a marginal evaporitic lacustrine basin containing interbedded evaporite and clastic lithologies subjected to post-Messinian sedimentary deformation. Depositional models have been constructed for the early, mid and late Messinian in the Gulf of Sirt and compared to previous models from other marginal Mediterranean basins. These facies assemblages reflect dramatic changes in climatic, tectonic and sedimentary processes occurring over an extremely short period. It is emphasised that obtaining high quality 3D seismic over a large area is crucial for a sufficient understanding of the depositional systems present in a basin.
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Evaporite (0.55)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.54)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Basin (0.99)
- Africa > Middle East > Libya > Sirte District > Sirte Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Steve Field > Anadarko 16B Bonnyville 16-4-59-7 Well (0.98)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Sedimentology (0.89)
Geology and Petroleum Exploration in the Mediterranean Sea
Johnson, M. S. (Consulting Geologist, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.) | Klemme, H. D. (Consulting Geologist, Lewis G. Weeks Assoc., Connecticut, U.S.A.) | Rigo, F. A. (Rigo and Vercellino, Rome, Italy) | Vercellino, J. (Rigo and Vercellino, Rome, Italy)
Abstract The Mediterranean Sea is a "small ocean basin" affected by a young orogeny developed by foundering and outward spreading of its microcontinents. In the western Mediterranean this process appears to be completed whereas it is continuing in portions of the eastern Mediterranean. Several sedimentary basins are represented in the Mediterranean Sea. The basins which are presently attracting the attention of petroleum companies are: The Ebro basin is superimposed on the northwest trending Mesozoic Levante Basin. Two oil strikes occurred in the last year in the offshore segment of this basin which directed the attention of oil companies to this area. The Po basin is a Pliocene prolific gas producer from its south-western folded compressional belt, and presents good potential for stratigraphic traps from its northeastern monoclinal flank. The Abruzzi basin offers the most attractive potential for hydrocarbon deposits in Lower Miocene algal reef limestone and Pliocene clastics. Attention should also be given to the Trapani, Pelagian and Epirus basins for Mesozoic and Tertiary potential. The Salonika and Thrace intermontaine transverse basins of Greece and European Turkey, although unsuccessfully drilled onshore, show a promising thickening of Tertiary Sediments in their offshore extension. The Central Adriatic and Tunisia-Sicily platform display excellent parameters for large oil potential from Triassic formations where covered by Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic black shales or evaporites. Résumé La Mediterranée est un "small ocean basin" qui a été affectée par un orogenie recente qui c'est developpée à la suite de l'affondrement et de la migration laterale des microcontinents. Dans la Mediterranée occidentale ce processus semble etre arrivé à son stade ultime tandis qu'il continue, en partie, en Mediterranée orientale. Les bassins qui actuellement attirent l'attention des petroliers sont nombreux. Le Bassin intracratonique de 1'Ebro surimpose au bassin Mesozique de Levant a donné lieu recemment a deux decouvertes de pétrole dans la partie offshore. Le bassin extracontinental de Po est un bon producteur de gaz dans son flanc sud-occidental fortement plissé et donne l'espoir d'ultérieures decouvertes dans le pièges stratigraphiques du flanc nord-oriental. Le bassin des Abruzzes est le plus intéressant dans la meme catégories de bassin extra continenteaux. I1 présente de bonnes possibilités de decouvertes dans les calcaires recifaux du Miocène et les sables du Pliocène. Particulièrement intéressants sont les bassins de Trapani et de 1'Epire à cause de leur potentiel petrolier Mesozoique et/ou Tertiaire. Les bassins "intermontaines" transversaux de Salonique et de la Thrace bien que déjà explorés sans succes à terre, presentent desepaissaissements de Sediments Tertiardes importants dans leur extension en mer. En outre, les pl
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Africa > Middle East > Egypt (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Yemen (0.93)
- (5 more...)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.90)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.88)
- Europe > Slovakia > Pannonian Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Serbia > Pannonian Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Romania > Pannonian Basin (0.99)
- (23 more...)
Abstract The energy transition is a long-term structural change in the global energy system from fossil fuels to net-zero carbon. Hydrogen is set to play a significant role in decarbonizing various industries over the next decades, unlocking new opportunities for companies to create a new hydrogen collaborative economy. Accenture analysis has focused on the hydrogen demand and supply of EU countries in 2030, in order to constitute a framework to identify the most suitable options of hydrogen production and transportation, involving all the actors in the value chain and fostering cooperation among them to develop new hydrogen-based business in the Mediterranean area. A potential hydrogen demand of about 16 MtH2 by 2030, in line with EU targets, has been assessed to be satisfied by both internal production and imports. The overall European hydrogen supply potential has been articulated into three different scenarios, assuming an incremental green hydrogen production capacity: the Base, the Accelerate and the Full EU Green scenarios. Three different perspectives have been considered, starting from the electrolysis targets set by the national strategies – for the Base EU Green Scenario – and further increasing the renewable energies deployment enabling a higher amount of green hydrogen production – for the Accelerate and the Full EU Green scenarios. The analysis shows how European hydrogen demand cannot be met by domestic supply for the Base and the Accelerate EU Green scenarios, in which the hypothesis of importing it from neighboring Mediterranean, mainly North African, countries has been deepened. According to our study, around 50 GW of electrolysis capacity may be built in those countries, involving roughly 30 €Bn investment and providing circa 4 MtH2, at 0.8-1.1 €/kg below the European benchmark of about 2.0 €/kg for solar technology by 2030. Moreover, the Mediterranean countries may benefit from different transport means and infrastructure: either by blending green hydrogen in the existing gas grid to further develop a full- hydrogen pipeline, or by ship in the form of ammonia or liquid hydrogen.
- Africa > Middle East (0.69)
- Europe > Italy (0.47)
Modeling the interaction between presalt seamounts and gravitational failure in salt-bearing passive margins: The Messinian case in the northwestern Mediterranean Basin
Ferrer, Oriol (Institut de Recerca Geomodels) | Gratacós, Oscar (Institut de Recerca Geomodels) | Roca, Eduard (Institut de Recerca Geomodels) | Muñoz, Josep Anton (Institut de Recerca Geomodels)
Abstract The northwest Mediterranean Basin includes a thick Messinian salt sequence composed of three evaporitic units. From these, the intermediate unit, which is dominantly composed of halite, acted as a gravitational detachment favoring the downslope failure of the overlying sediments in a thin-skinned deformation regime. As a result, the structure of the margin is characterized by an upper extensional domain with basinward-dipping listric normal faults and a lower contractional domain that accommodates upslope extension by folding, salt inflation, or diapir squeezing. Lower to middle Miocene volcanic seamounts (presalt reliefs) located at the upper extensional domain locally disrupted the evaporitic units and produced salt flow perturbations. They acted as passive buttresses during the gravitational failure modifying the structural zonation of the margin. Using an experimental approach (sandbox models), we analyze the role played by seamounts during the kinematic evolution of passive margins and how they alter salt flow and suprasalt deformation during gravitational gliding. The experiments found that the seamounts locally interrupt the structural zonation of the margin because they hindered downdip salt flow during early deformation. Seamounts initially compartmentalize the margin architecture, resulting in the development of two gravitational subsystems with two extensional/contractional pairs that are subsequently reconnected when the accumulation of salt analog upslope of the relief is enough to overthrust it. From this point onward, the cover is passively translated downslope as a regional system. The changes in the viscous layer flow velocity related to the dip differences between the flanks and edges of the seamount determine the kinematic evolution of this system. Our experiments also provide geometric constraints to consider during interpretation of these structures, which are commonly poorly imaged in seismic data.
- Asia > Middle East > Yemen (0.94)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.94)
- Africa > Sudan (0.94)
- (5 more...)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Basin (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault > Dip-Slip Fault (0.88)
- North America > Canada > Newfoundland and Labrador > Newfoundland > North Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Margin Basin > Scotian Basin > Laurentian Basin (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > England > London Basin (0.99)
- Europe > France > Provence Basin (0.99)
- (4 more...)