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Abstract Objectives/Scope The development of gas market has been allowed to evolve with the introduction of the GMP (Gas Master Plan). A well-thought process plan of gas infrastructural development model that supports flexible growth of the local market, consolidation of strategic export and regional market expansion. The lock-in areas are expressly re-navigated for easy processing and gas transportation. This paper would contain a detailed striking difference between LNG and international pipeline gas business for all regions. Methods, Procedures, Process The GMP elements are created to assist or support the intentions of the government in solidifying the economy and policy formulation that entails natural gas pricing to tackle the long term price model problem. The hinterland gas networking and monetization and its untapped wealth should be evaluated and explored. FLNG can change the oil and gas business from a business and technical viewpoint by influencing the economic development of inaccessible offshore oil and gas fields. Results, Observations, Conclusions This section unveils the investment opportunity involved in GMP. By critically analyzing the GMP, it will reveal certain lapses like lack of proper regulatory, legal and policy framework, which are major challenges in the achievements of GMP aims and objectives. Across the world, gas flaring is currently reducing, and many countries are introducing new strategies like emission or anti-flaring policies and taxes to reduce gas wastage and pollution. Novel/Additive Information The government, on the other hand, needs to intervene by passing into law appropriate bills and implementing policies formulated in regards to the oil and gas industry. Closely analyzing monetization and Offshore LNG, a new understanding of the neglected issue of Supply Chain Management will be established for economic growth. This paper gives an insight on the FLNG, by looking into FLNG publications and some contributions from several energy studies such as the Institute of Energy Studies and others.
- Asia (1.00)
- Africa > Nigeria (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Africa Government > Nigeria Government (0.95)
- Oceania > Australia > Western Australia > Western Australia > Timor Sea > Browse Basin (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Western Australia > North West Shelf > Timor Sea > Browse Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- (27 more...)
Abstract Over the past two decades Nigeria has made significant progress in the production and utilisation of its gas resources. The development of Nigeria LNG (NLNG) brought about a sharp rise in annual gas production from about 1.5 TCF in 1999 to 2.8 TCF in 2010. The domestic utilisation of gas also got a boost with the approval of the Nigerian Gas Master Plan by government and subsequent issuance of the National Gas Supply and Pricing Regulations in 2008. Over the same period gas flaring has reduced significantly from about 52% of produced gas in the early 2000s to about 10% in 2016. Prior to the development of NLNG, as much 70% to 90% of the gas in Nigeria was flared. As part of efforts by government to develop gas resources and increase gas utilisation, a series of amendments were made to the Petroleum Act 1969, including different flare-down initiatives as well as new regulations and commercial framework. Fiscal incentives were also provided specifically to increase gas utilisation in the domestic market. This paper will review the impact of the fiscal incentives on the domestic gas market in Nigeria with a focus on the involvement of the indigenous upstream oil and gas companies. The level of investments in domestic gas utilisation projects by indigenous companies will be analysed. The paper will further explore the level of gas flaring among the different upstream oil and gas companies operating in Nigeria. Comparisons will be made between the different companies under different fiscal arrangements, namely IOCs with JV and PSC arrangements, indigenous companies with sole risk and JV contracts and indigenous marginal field operators. We will review the effectiveness of fiscal incentives in increasing domestic gas utilisation and lessons on areas of improvement for stakeholders.
Abstract Over 70% of Nigeria's onshore gas resources are dispersed in small and stranded fields across the Niger Delta, making their development uneconomical and exacerbating the gas flaring challenge. It's estimated that about 30 tcf of gas reserves, qualified as โlow hanging fruitsโ were undeveloped over the years due to low domestic gas prices and the huge capital outlay for gas processing and transportation facilities. In recent years, reforms in domestic gas prices have improved the economics and attractiveness of gas monetization projects but the challenge of high CAPEX particularly with the recent industry downturn remains a constraint. Gas tolling, which involves the provision of gas gathering and processing services by tolling companies to gas producers is a unique solution that has the potentials to transform the domestic gas industry. The extant Nigerian Gas Master Plan (2008) and the draft National Gas policy (2016) recognises the important role of gas tolling and seeks to expand its adoption across the country. Still at its nascence in Nigeria, tolling companies (gas facility developers) and gas resource owners must understand the key value drivers and seek to ensure mutually beneficial and sustainable gas tolling models. This paper therefore seeks to explore the models available to tolling companies and resource owners, highlight the underlying technical and economic considerations by the parties and also provide options that help parties minimize exposure to fiscal obligations. An economic model useful for evaluating the appropriate compensation options for the tolling company and returns for the gas resource owners is also presented. Understanding the dynamics of third party gas tolling will significantly drive the growth of gas development and address the specter of stranded fieldsโ routine gas flaring in Nigeria.
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Processing Systems and Design > Gas processing (0.92)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (0.71)
Abstract Nigeria aims to stimulate its economy by taking advantage of its gas reserve base to drive power generation and industrial growth. Several steps have been taken to achieve this. The study aims to identify the impediments to the desired results and proffer solutions to fast track the implementation of existing policies and structures. To identify the current challenges militating against fast tracked gas development for the economic benefit of Nigeria, one needs to appreciate the successes gained so far by the nation. The gas industry pre development of the Nigeria LNG Project is considered. National power generation data is presented pre and post the advent of gas generating power plants. National gas demand data over a 20 year period is analyzed and compared to reserve growth. Gas midstream infrastructure pre and post approval of the Nigerian Gas Master Plan (NGMP) in 2008 is identified and compared. Effects of implementation of the commercial frameworks for upstream development and the Gas Master Plan are also analyzed. Although a lot of successes have been recorded by the country, certain impediments have hampered the desired national economic growth. The following although still existing, are being addressed by the various stakeholders; Gas supply issues PSC Gas Terms Funding challenges Non alignment of priorities by NNPC's different JV partners Community issues Security issues Competing projects by prospective investors Non passage of the PIGB Policy somersault The paper analyzes the challenges and proffers innovative solutions towards addressing the issues. These solutions will not only help to provide a different line of thought for policy makers and other stakeholders in the Nigerian oil and gas industry but will also provide a sort of "lessons learnt" for other developing countries with recent oil and gas finds to fast track the development of their gas industry thereby achieving the desired economic growth.
- Government > Regional Government > Africa Government > Nigeria Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reserves Evaluation (1.00)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)
Abstract Notwithstanding the fact that commercial oil discovery has been fifty-plus years in Nigeria; the Nigerian natural gas industry is known to be a developing industry. Thus, understanding the huge potential this industry presents to its economy, the Nigerian government has sought to implement policies that will bring about development in this industry. The paper seeks to examine the policies and the legal framework (if any), in order to ascertain to what extent the policies have been able to develop the industry and if not, why? In addition, the paper examines the adequacy or otherwise of the present legal framework. The paper finds that the successful and sustainable development of the natural gas industry hinges on the existence of adequate legal framework, as policies can only serve as aspirations and sought-after-goals without the backing of sufficient legal framework to support their implementation. The paper finds that in light of shale gas development in Nigeria's investors cum market geography, time is fast running for Nigeria as there is the urgent need to address the situation as Nigeria is gradually losing not just investors but her natural gas market as well.
- Government > Regional Government > Africa Government > Nigeria Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)