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Collaborating Authors
Abstract In this study, several process alternatives for the permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) as solid carbonates are evaluated. Although the formation of mineral carbonates is thermodynamically favourable, it does not occur significantly due to kinetic limitations and the formation of products that hinder the evolution of the process. Several biological organisms, including corals, have developed different mechanisms for accelerating the process and managing undesirable products. In this report, we propose biomimicking approaches to precipitate solid carbonates while limiting the amount of energy required or using the produced by-products to generate valuable materials. A few processes alternatives are described and evaluated in this study. In all these explored cases CO2 mineralization requires divalent cations such as Ca++ or Mg++. These could be sourced from sea water or land based silicates containing these cations. Sea-water based source results in two attractive options, namely: 1. electrochemically assisted precipitation of carbonates with production of sales of Cl2 or HCl; 2. electrochemically assisted precipitation of carbonates and production of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) and polymerization into Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), with sales of PVC; the land based source results in further in options 3, and 4: 3. electrochemically assisted precipitation of carbonates with in-situ mining of silicates; and 4. ammonia assisted precipitation of carbonates with in-situ mining of silicates. This study explores the technical feasibility of these options further.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- North America > Canada (0.94)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Abstract Injection water with selective ionic content and composition is an essential requirement for SmartWater flooding application in carbonate reservoirs. SmartWater depleted in monovalent ions, but enriched in sulfates and divalent cations is desired for optimum incremental oil recovery in carbonates, which constitutes very complex water chemistry when compared to sandstones. Recognizing the utmost importance of water chemistry in the SmartWater flooding application, a novel water ionic composition optimization technology was investigated in this study. The proposed technology makes use of membrane desalination processes in a unique configuration to provide multiple water streams of widely varying ionic strength and content. Different water streams obtained from the novel solution can be effectively blended to yield SmartWater cocktail of desired ionic strength, composition and monovalent to divalent ion content optimally suited for carbonates. SmartWater cocktails obtained from the proposed solution are also suited for application in other EOR processes such as polymer flood, surfactant flooding, dilute surfactant flooding, carbonated water flooding, miscible gas flooding and as boiler feed water in steam floods. Investigated scheme thereby offers a novel "one shop" solution to meet the complete suite of desired water chemistry requirements for different IOR/EOR processes. In addition, results of comparative evaluation between the investigated technology and other already known advanced desalination schemes highlight key advantages of the new solution in terms of better water ion tuning flexibility, higher recovery efficiency, lower energy requirement/foot-print and ease in operation.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Alberta (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- (3 more...)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.34)
- Overview > Innovation (0.34)
- North America > United States > Alaska > North Slope Basin > Duck Island Field > Endicott Field > Kekiktuk Formation (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > Block 16/7a > Brae Field > Brae Formation (0.91)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > Block 16/3b > Brae Field > Brae Formation (0.91)
- (10 more...)
Summary Injection water with selective ionic content and composition is a key requirement for smart-waterflooding (SWF) application in carbonate reservoirs. Smart water--depleted in monovalent ions, but enriched in sulfates and divalent cations--is desired for incremental oil recovery in carbonates, which constitute complex water chemistry when compared with sandstones. Most of the published work available in this area is focused on addressing water-chemistry requirements for low-salinity waterflooding in sandstones. However, none of these studies describes the complex injection-water requirements of SWF in carbonate reservoirs. Also, injection-water chemistry has a known impact on several tertiary enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes among the three major categories of chemical, gas, and thermal EOR. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify and optimize a novel water-ionic technology that can serve as a “one-shop solution” to generate desired water chemistries suited for different improved-oil-recovery (IOR)/EOR processes, including SWF in carbonates. A novel water-ionic technology, comprising nanofiltration and reverse-osmosis membrane-based processes, was identified for optimization in this study. The proposed technology makes use of these two membrane-desalination processes in parallel configuration to provide multiple water streams of widely varying ionic strength and content. Different water streams obtained from this novel solution can be blended effectively to yield a smart-water cocktail of desired ionic strength, composition, and monovalent- to divalent-ion content suited for carbonates. Smart-water cocktails obtained from the proposed solution are also suited for application in other EOR processes such as polymer flooding, alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding, low-salinity surfactant flooding, dilute surfactant flooding, carbonated waterflooding, and miscible gasflooding, and are suited for boiler feedwater in steamflooding. The optimized scheme thereby offers a novel one-shop solution to meet the complete suite of desired water-chemistry requirements for different IOR/EOR processes. In addition, comparative evaluation-study results between novel water-ionic technology and other already-known advanced-desalination schemes highlight the major advantages of the new solution in terms of better water-ion-tuning flexibility, higher recovery efficiency, lower energy requirement/footprint, and ease of operation.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.68)
- North America > United States > Alaska > North Slope Basin > Duck Island Field > Endicott Field > Kekiktuk Formation (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > Block 16/7a > Brae Field > Brae Formation (0.91)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > Block 16/3b > Brae Field > Brae Formation (0.91)
- (10 more...)
Abstract Managing oil fields in the best way possible has always been in the centre of interests for various oil companies. Production maintenance and optimization, deferment minimization, efficient monitoring of well, reservoir & facility performance, cross-function collaboration, and many other related issues, all represent the building blocks of a successful and efficient field management structure. This carbonate field of Petroleum Development of Oman is one of the largest fields in the Sultanate of Oman and has been running for more than four decades, and still contributes. Hence, it is becoming more important than ever to ensure that the field is managed both optimally and efficiently to adequately handle the subsurface complexity, the large stock of wells and facility units, and all other related issues, such as operations, services, human resources, etc. An integrated Wells, Reservoir and Facility Management has been implemented to create a more focus and discipline with the aim of achieving an efficiently monitored & controlled asset as well as highly synchronised multi-team actions. The integrated management approach involves structured reservoir and field reviews conducted by integrated multi-disciplinary team, structured processes utilising Smart Field concept and Collaborative Work Environment, enabling technology to obtain data, convert data to useful information and take right decision/action at right time. Exception Based Surveillance is deployed via smart tools to closely monitor and optimise wells and facilities in real time. As a result of the newly introduced management approach, a total of 26 sectors (more than 450 wells) have been collaboratively reviewed, resulting in:Wells book including full details on current status, challenges, potential activities and short term optimisation plan have been updated for all wells. This is considered a major achievement for this cluster of fields, where for the first time 100% wells were being properly reviewed on yearly basis. More than 150 activities have been identified as well optimisation, reinstatement, repair, data gathering and sidetrack. Excellent optimisation gain has been generated and stable production has been achieved. Proper planning of identified activities and faster implementation resulting in better reservoir monitoring, excellent production, significant deferment reduction and lesser restoration time of failed wells and equipment.
Abstract Carbonate cores require special approaches and techniques to obtain appropriate data from core analysis due to their complex nature. This paper discusses various challenges faced and presents an integrated approach to the study of carbonate cores. Comparative analysis of the results obtained from standard and special carbonate rocks core analyses are presented. While carbonate rocks operations key difficulties encountered from core acquisition to long term storage are highlighted.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.58)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Heavy Oil Play (0.47)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.46)