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Abstract A new water-soluble polyglycol/asphalt product (PGA) is described which provides the permeability plugging advantages of traditional deformable resins over a broader temperature range as well as the lubricity of refined petroleum oils and traditional lubricants without the agglomeration and environmental problems. Laboratory results presented include particle size distribution, lubricity, "Cloud Point", toxicity, permeability plugging and HPHT dynamic filtration. Case histories documenting the use of PGA offshore in the Gulf of Mexico are included. Introduction Differential sticking is one of the costliest problems our industry faces and one which can only grow in frequency as older reservoirs are produced and drawn down. It is responsible for lost rig time, tubulars, downhole equipment and tools as well as sidetracks, and substantially increases drilling costs during one of the most cost conscientious periods in our industry's history. Oil-based drilling fluids, the traditional fluid of choice for areas prone to differential sticking, are no longer as viable an option as they once were due to current environmental regulations. This paper describes a new oil-free polypropylene glycol/resin product designed to prevent differential sticking in waterbased fluids and the results one operator has had with the product in 4 wells in the Gulf Coast. Differential Sticking The Problem Differential sticking, according Gray et. al., was first recognized by Hayward in 1937 and duplicated in the laboratory by Helmick and Longley in 1957. Outmans did an exhaustive analysis of the differential sticking mechanism and the reader is referred to Outmans original work or the summary in Gray et.al. for a detailed description. Paraphrasing Gray et.al.: A portion of the drill string will always be in contact with the side of the hole, especially in deviated wells. The drill string is lubricated with a film of drilling fluid as long as the string is moving and the distribution of pressure around the drill string is equal. A pressuredifferential develops when motion ceases and the filtercake between the drill string and a permeable zone is isolated from the drilling fluid column and begins to lose pore water to the formation. Friction increases between the drill string and the dehydrating and compacting cake, resulting in increasing torque and drag. Once drag exceeds the power of the rig, the drill string is stuck. The force required to pull the drill string free is given by: (1) P. 467^
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Commingle Zubair Shale Sand Sequences by Using Deformable Sealing Polymer in Customized Drilling Fluid, Case Histories from Kuwait
Al-Ajmi, Abdullah (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Rushoud, Abdulaziz (Kuwait Oil Company) | Gohain, Ashis (Kuwait Oil Company) | Khatib, Faiz I (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Naqa, Faisal (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Mutawa, Faisal (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Gharib, Majed (Kuwait Oil Company) | Birthariya, Sudhir (Kuwait Oil Company) | Mago, Ankit (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Mekhlef, Alanoud (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Tarkeet, Bader (Kuwait Oil Company) | AlAli, Yaqoub (Kuwait Oil Company) | Rossi, Arnaldo (Newpark Drilling Fluids) | D'Angelo, Dario (Newpark Drilling Fluids) | Spagnoli, Nazareno (Newpark Drilling Fluids) | Samaan, Fady (Newpark Drilling Fluids) | Rane, Praful (Newpark Drilling Fluids) | Scolari, Alberto (Newpark Drilling Fluids)
Abstract Shale stability and differential sticking are the main challenges while drilling through shale and sand sequences. Conventional mud systems cannot always provide the required wellbore stability and sustained high overbalance, which has led to an increase in use of โcustomized fluidsโ. Offset wells were reviewed to identify the issues while drilling this challenging trajectory through troublesome stressed Zubair shale and sand sequences. This review revealed serious well-bore instability, pack offs, differential stuck pipe leading to the loss of downhole tools and sidetrack operations. Traditionally, oil-based mud (OBM) have been used while drilling these formations with high NPT hours. Due to necessity of comingling two sections in a single section, it was necessary to identify a fluid's solution, which can provide good borehole stability. A customized drilling fluid system was designed by using deformable sealing polymer (DSP, deformable size) in conjunction with Synthetic Resilient Graphite and Sized Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in conventional OBM. These Nano particles effectively plug the pore throats and minimized the fluid invasion, which was confirmed by particle / permeability plugging tests under down hole conditions to overcome below challenges. Improve hole stability through stressed shale formations Minimize risk of differential stuck pipe across low pore pressure formations Mitigate induced losses by utilizing unique wellbore-strengthening technique Enhance hole-cleaning efficiency at critical angle Drilling, logging, running and cementing liner was successfully completed in the commingle section without any incident. There was no NPT related to well-bore instability or differential sticking tendency reported. Very low torque and drag was observed in addition to enhanced well-bore cleaning in the high angle section. This paper will present the success of the deformable sealing polymer in OBM utilized to comingle Upper Zubair shale and Ratawi shale with case histories for reference.
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Thamama Group > Shu'aiba Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Basra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Mesopotamian Basin > Zubair Field > Zubair Formation (0.98)
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Basra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Mesopotamian Basin > Zubair Field > Mishrif Formation (0.98)
Simpson, Jay P., Member AIME Publication Rights Reserved This paper is to be presented at the Upper Gulf Coast Drilling and Production Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or AIME in Beaumont, April 5โ6, 1962 and is considered the property of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to publish is hereby restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words, with no illustrations, unless the paper is specifically released to the press by the Editor of the Journal of Petroleum Technology or the Executive Secretary. Such abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in Journal of Petroleum Technology or Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal is granted on request, providing proper credit is given that publication and the original presentation or the paper. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines with the paper. Abstract Published studies of differential-pressure sticking of drill pipe have presented methods of testing mud for tendency to cause wall sticking. One such method has been extended to permit simulation of downhole temperature and mud circulation, and data have been obtained for both water and oil muds typical of those currently in use. The laboratory data indicate an oil mud with good rheology, suspension, and filtration properties (as tested under downhole conditions of temperature and differential pressure) to be a very effective means of combatting differential-pressure sticking. During the past year oil muds have been used on the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coast to replace water muds in drilling and completion operations where differential-pressure sticking was a problem. Mud densities have varied from 12.5 to 18.8 ppg, formation temperatures have been as high as 300 F, and well depths have been as great as 16,500 feet. Using adequately conditioned non-asphaltic oil muds, these operations have been conducted with no further difficulty from differential-pressure sticking. For areas in which differential-pressure sticking has been the primary problem and expense, the use of oil mud has become accepted field practice. Total well costs have been greatly reduced by the elimination of fishing operations and reducing time spent on the well.
- North America > United States > Louisiana (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.88)
- North America > United States > Louisiana > Hollywood Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Louisiana > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Bayou Sale Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Louisiana > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > West Delta (0.98)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.89)
Abstract A model is developed to characterize wireline formation tester sticking from quantitative analyses of the most prevalent sticking modes. An appropriate description of differential pressure sticking mechanics for stationary logging tools and cables forms the foundation of the model, and a supplemental formulation provides a quantitative relationship for key-seat development based on borehole and tool parameters. The results of the analysis are converted into a sticking probability formula that allows quantitative risk assessment at the job planning stage. The primary form of the model uses mud cake parameters derived from a wellsite evaluation device, but an alternative formulation utilizes laboratory and field measurements of mudcake properties and only requires conventionally available parameters for risk assessment. The model is calibrated and tested by application to a database of 664 formation testing jobs in the Gulf Coast area. The resulting strong correlation between calculated sticking probability and actual fishing frequency illustrates the power of a model-based approach to risk assessment. In contrast to most statistically based approaches, it is possible to incorporate a large number of relevant parameters and quantitatively examine risk levels as adjustments are made. Direct measurement of mudcake properties at the wellsite will further enhance the risk assessment accuracy. P. 79
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Formation test analysis (e.g., wireline, LWD) (1.00)
- Management > Risk Management and Decision-Making > Risk, uncertainty, and risk assessment (1.00)
Well Planning and Operational Practices to Decrease Differential Sticking Risk in Tengiz Field, Kazakhstan
Tussupbayev, Ilyas (Tengizchevroil) | Tlepbergenov, Nurbolat (Tengizchevroil) | Jung, Kyle Jonathan (Tengizchevroil) | Issayeva, Inzhu (Tengizchevroil) | Sargunanov, Marat (Tengizchevroil) | Manakhayev, Ruslan (Tengizchevroil)
Abstract Drilling in a mature reservoir can involve multiple added risks over time including reservoir depletion that may cause serious drilling problems and significant cost increase. Effective management of these problems during well planning stage and during execution is crucial to prevent issues with drill pipe, casing and logging tools that are at a higher risk for differential sticking, Differential sticking has the potential to become a significant issue for drilling operations because of the wide variation in pressure in different parts of the Tengiz reservoir. The degree of depletion depends on the variability of the reservoir, which itself is dependent on the properties of the different geological facies. Reservoir hole section can have different pressure regimes, which require higher mud weight and thus high potential for differential sticking problems. Consequently, as the Tengiz reservoir pressures depletes, the risk of differentially stuck pipe, casing or logging tool increases. During current drilling campaign there were three wells that experienced major issues caused by differential sticking and lead to significant cost associated with sidetrack operations and lost in hole charges. Pore pressure predictions and proposed well trajectory are some of the most important factors for prediction of differential sticking issues. For predictions during well planning "differential factor" was defined, which incorporates well angle and reservoir pressure. As a result, it helps to understand if differential sticking risk is high and use preventative measures if needed to reduce it. Guidelines were developed to help to mitigate potential problems while drilling across differentially pressured zones and include identification of signs of sticking, bottom hole assembly design considerations, preventative mud treatments and reactive measures to optimize ability to drill wells and reduce non-productive time associated with differential sticking. After implementation of above mentioned measures there were only two minor differential sticking events observed.
- Europe > Ukraine > Poltava Oblast > Kharkiv > Dnieper-Donets Basin > Visean Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Kazakhstan > West Kazakhstan > Precaspian Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Kazakhstan > Mangystau Oblast > Precaspian Basin > Tengiz Field > Tengiz Formation (0.99)
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- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design > Drill pipe selection (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)