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Collaborating Authors
ABSTRACT: The Cretaceous-Paleogene limestone sequence sealed by the Oligocene flysch is the main oil target in focus of exploration along Albanides thrust belt. The later represents a segment of Alpine folding chain, situated between Dinarides and Hellenides. Enormous geological-geophysical data and complex syntheses performed so far have brought about discovering of some oilfields and depiction of many prospects. On the other hand, many wells drilled on some surface flysch folds or only on seismic events have resulted dry. What's happened? Why even many foreign oil companies have failed in Albania? The best response comes out from reconsideration of many exploration concepts, methodises and techniques in the course of acquisition, processing and interpretation of the all gained complex data
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene (0.77)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene > Lower Miocene > Burdigalian (0.32)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.95)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.76)
- Europe > Albania > Delvina Field (0.99)
- Europe > Albania > Velca Block > Amonica Field (0.89)
- Europe > Albania > Finiq-Krane Field (0.89)
Discovery of the Karbunara oil and Delvina gas condensate fields, as well as depiction of several similar prospects in the Cretaceous-Paleogene limestone reservoir sealed by the Oligocene flysch under thrusted anticlines, salt diapirs and tectonic napes deserve hydrocarbon exploration focus on the whole Alpine fold arc and worldwide wherever their homologues develop. The Delvina field is the latest discovery in the External Albanides. It represents an anticline structure completely masked under the westward thrust of Mali Gjere anticline, associated with the Triassic evaporate diapirism. In cases of the Karbunara oil field, Borsh prospect etc, the thrust phenomenon has caused dissection of the footwall flanks of the thrusted anticlines and formation of tectonic traps screened against the Oligocene flysch or the Upper Triassic evaporitic deposits. The oil prospect of deep Okshtun is detected in the Cretaceous-Eocene limestone reservoir of the Kruja-Gavrovo nape overthrusted completely by the Krasta-Pindus tectonic nape.
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Oligocene (0.72)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (0.48)
Exploratory works and integrated syntheses performed on the Albanides thrust belts have brought about discovery of several hydrocarbon fields and depiction of many prospects. But, many wells based solely on some surface flysch folds or on poor seismic events have resulted dry. Subsequently, new discoveries of oil and gas fields are becoming rear, but it does not mean poor perspective or that the time of "peak oil" has come, because there are somewhat depicted many hydrocarbon prospects. What's more, it is still possible to detect even very shallow carbonate prospects and discover new "easy oil". But, further hydrocarbon exploration needs desperately hi-tech and low cost geological and seismic surveys, which can become a real access to new hydrocarbon reserves. In other words, presently hydrocarbon exploration means harder work, because we are exploring for new reserves deeper and in more complicated geological setting regions.
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type (0.73)
- Europe > Albania > Block 3 > Gorisht-Kocul Field (0.99)
- Europe > Albania > Velca Block > Amonica Field (0.94)
- Europe > Albania > Delvina Field (0.94)
Summary Distribution of gravity, magentic and geothermal fields, and their anomalous features in Albanides onshore and in the Albanian Adriatic Shelf in this paper are presented. There are presented also a hydrographical-geothermal phenomenon in the Albanian Adriatic Sea area, which are correlated with Albanides geological setting. Key words: Geothermal, Gravity, Heat Flow, Interpretation, Magnetics. Introduction The Albanides represent the assemblage of the geological structures in the territory of Albania, and together with the Dinarides at the North and the Hellenides at the South, have formed the southern branch of the Mediterranean Alpine Belt. Integrated onshore and offshore regional geophysical studies have been performed for the exploration of the Albanides. Seismological studies, gravity and magnetic surveys, reflection seismic lines, geothermal studies, radiometric investigations, vertical electrical soundings and integrated well loggings represent the applied complex of the geophysical investigation. The structural analysis of the Albanides according to the integrated geophysical investigations, in the framework of the integrated interpretation with geological studies results is presented. Integrated oceanographic, hydrographic and hydrological observations and study have been carried out in the Adriatic and Ionian seas, and littoral areas. Methods Regional Gravity and Magnetic Mapping of Albanian onshore territory have been performed at the scale 1:200.000. For the western oil and gas bearing regions of Albania have the gravity map of Bouguer Anomaly at scale 1.100.000. The studies on the geothermal field and evaluation of the geothermal energy in Albania, in the framework of the preparation of “Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Albania”, were performed on the basis of temperature logs in the 84 deep oil and gas wells and in 59 shallow boreholes. The temperature was measured with either resistance or thermistor thermometers. The thermal inertia of these thermometers is 5-6 seconds and 3.5 seconds, respectively. Laboratory of Department of Geothermics of the Geophysical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague the thermal conductivity of the rocks was determined. The heat-flow density was calculated. Heatflow density calculations were made for homogenous lithology part of geological sections, according to several models. The temperature maps at 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 meters depths, average geothermal gradient map, heat flow density map and geothermal zones map, by the processed data were compiled. The maps of the Albanian territory have been linked with Greek and Adriatic space ones. Estimation of the geothermal resources of the thermal zones has been performed, based on a volumetric heat content of the model assuming exploitation of geothermal energy by a doublet or a singled wells system. Oceanographic, hydrographical and hydrological studies are based on multi annual observations in the hydrometric station network since 1958 and on two Albanian oceanographic expeditions “Saranda-1963” and “Patos- 1964” in the Southern Adriatic and Northern Ionian. The objects of these studies were: water levels, temperatures and chemical content, formation and circulation of the water mass, wave and wind regimes of the Adriatic and Ionian coastline, water potential and run-off discharge regime of the Albanian Mountainous River System into the Adriatic Sea, suspended material discharge; alluvial granulometric composition, water chemical composition etc.
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type (0.91)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Magnetic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Gravity Surveying (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (0.96)
- Europe > Italy > Adriatic Sea > Adriatic Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Albania > Ionian Basin (0.99)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Non-Traditional Resources > Geothermal resources (1.00)
Abstract Albania has an active but challenging drilling activity that demands the most innovative technology. Although new recent drilling activity, has discovered light crude oil, the predominant crude oil quality involves medium-heavy oil reservoirs mainly contained in the largest onshore European oilfield, Patos-Marinza. Even though it has high potential, Albania’s main reservoirs are practically under-developed. In the past decade, the Albanian institutions have increasingly encouraged and supported expanding drilling activity in an effort to stimulate investments in reservoir development/production and management. However, petroleum economics and appropriate management systems need to be further improved to assist in reserve ‘asset’ management. This requires, specifically, employing a collective reserves management system, Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), which utilizes a framework and guidelines for resource competencies to evoke necessary asset management in reserves and resources. In this paper, a basic outlook is undertaken to evaluate Albania’s resources and oil/gas reserves in a preliminary assessment to classify the reserves under the PRMS guidelines. The main idea will show how a small country with great potential, can exploit its vast resources, and ultimately capitalize on a structured systematic approach by essentially arranging a management system that is customizable and suitable as per its situation to ultimately leverage financial gains. Additionally, an analogous resources management system that is used for characterizing and identifying possible storage areas for CO2 (carbon sequestration) will also be briefly introduced that is based on the CO2 Storage Resource Management System (CO2-SRMS). Which, herein, will spotlight possible suitable areas of carbon storage in Albania. These types of management systems are crucial in decision making, offering considerably ‘better judgments’ in managing and developing resources by ranking the most suitable investment opportunities.
- Europe > Albania (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.69)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Heavy Oil Play (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.88)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > North Viking Graben > PL 104 > Block 30/9 > Oseberg Field > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > North Viking Graben > PL 104 > Block 30/9 > Oseberg Field > Oseberg Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > North Viking Graben > PL 079 > Block 30/9 > Oseberg Field > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- (13 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Oil sand, oil shale, bitumen (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > CO2 capture and sequestration (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- (3 more...)