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New materials with improved mechanical properties and high optical transmission in the full 3–5 μm mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region wavelength are required. Commercially available polycrystalline transparent yttria, with > 100 μm average grain size, does not perform satisfactorily in demanding applications because of its modest strength. One way to improve strength is to develop an ultra-fine grained material with acceptable optical transmission properties. To realize a fine-grained ceramic, one approach is to develop a duplex-phase or composite structure, in which one phase inhibits the growth of the other phase during processing. In this study, mechanical and optical properties of a uniformly fine-grained ceramic composite, comprising a 50:50 vol% mixture of Y2O3 and MgO, are measured and correlated with structure. INTRODUCTION Future IR sensor windows and domes are likely to be subjected to harsher mechanical and thermal environments than those that are used today. Sapphire (Al2O3) is the current material of choice for many window applications, since it is readily available in high optical quality. A comprehensive review of commonly used window materials can be found in the literature (Harris 1993; Savage 1985). Yttrium oxide (Y2O3-yttria) has excellent optical properties in visible, near IR and full 3–5 μm MWIR band and has been used for windows and domes. However, the current processing methods yield materials with >100 μm grain size (Harris, 1993) and inferior mechanical properties relative to that of sapphire. Increased strength can be achieved by reducing the grain size of the final sintered product to submicron range, while maintaining clean grain boundaries (Bamba 2003; Li 1999; Rice 1997). Over the last two decades, nanostructured materials have been the subject of intensive research worldwide, since exceptional mechanical and functional properties can be achieved (Bamba 2003; Li 1999; Rice 1997). Moreover, high-strain-rate superplasticity has been observed (McFadden 1999, Wan 1999) in nanocomposite ceramics, which opens new opportunities for the near-net shape fabrication of such materials.
Novel Ni-B/AlN Nanocomposite Coatings for Oil and Gas Industry
Radwan, A. Bahgat (Qatar University) | Ahmed, Said Elmi (Qatar University) | Kahraman, Ramazan (Qatar University) | Montemor, F. M. (Universidade de Lisboa) | Ali, Kamran (DHA Suffa University) | Mahmoud, Abdelrahman Adel (Qatar University) | Shakoor, R. A. (Qatar University)
ABSTRACT Corrosion is a major cause of materials and equipment failure in the oil and gas industry, and its prevention is crucial to ensure reliability of the assets. Towards, this goal, Ni-B/AlN nanocomposite coatings were synthesized through electrodeposition technique and their properties were investigated. It is noticed that the incorporation of AlN nanoparticles into Ni-B matrix has a pronounced effect on its surface, structural, mechanical and anticorrosion properties. The improved properties of Ni-B/AlN nanocomposite coatings make them attractive for many industrial applications. INTRODUCTION Over the years, nanostructured coatings have gained great attentions in many engineering applications because of superior structural, mechanical, electrical, thermal and anticorrosion properties. The small grain size (<100 nm) of nanostructured coating results in superior attributes that may be sometimes entirely novel when compared to the conventional coatings with coarse grained structure. The appealing properties of nanostructured materials make them attractive for hydrogen storage and purification, electrodes fuel cells, batteries, wear resistance hard coatings (automobiles, aerospace), synthesis of soft magnets and catalysts etc. Ni-B coatings possess highly desirable attributes such as high hardness, high wear resistance, uniform thickness, high density, low porosity and good ductility. Such properties make them strong candidates towards applications in automobile, aerospace, petrochemical and many other related industries. Instead of such core competencies, the Ni-B coatings have certain limitations and weaknesses such as inferior anticorrosion properties as compared to Ni-P coatings. It limits their application in more demanding industries such as oil and gas, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the characteristics of Ni-B coatings so that it can be used in more aggressive and harsh conditions. In this regard, a well competent research work has already been in progress and different research groups have made attempts to improve the properties of binary Ni-B coatings. Some of the strategies include the incorporation of either alloying elements such as Zn or insoluble, hard second phase particles like Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2 etc.
- North America > United States (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar (0.34)
- Energy > Oil & Gas (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.48)
Abstract The global energy demand has been amplified significantly in the last two decades and the Oil & Gas industry turns to harsh operating conditions of high pressure high temperature (HPHT) and brine. The present study proposes biopolymer nanocomposite as a solution to these challenges in fracturing application as the resultant fracturing fluid possess synergetic and hybrid properties of polymer and nanoparticles which offers unique mechanical and thermal properties. Nano composites formed with biodegradable polymers have high rewards and opportunities in the future for the applications in the design of environmental friendly materials. The developed nanocomposite fluid can solve the breaking residue problem associated with guar and can give viscosities similar to guar with benefits of bio-degradability. The nanocomposite fluid provided viscosities above 100cP at 100s shear rate upto 150C at 1.75% polymer concentration with 0.5% SiO2 nanoparticle. The oscillatory study reveals true gels characteristics with G̍/G̎ ratio >3. The elastic behavior was dominated by viscous behavior which supports proppant suspension capability. The nanocomposite fluid was easily breakable using oxidative breaker-Ammonium per Sulfate and residue generated was less as compared to guar gum due to lower molecular weight without compromising on viscosity. The static proppant suspension test showed satisfactory performance making it suitable for HTHP conditions.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Asia (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.47)
Game Changing Technology with MWNT Nanocomposites for HTHP and Hostile Environment Sealing in Enhancing Oil Recovery
Ito, Masaei (Schlumberger) | Madhavan, Raghu (Schlumberger) | Osawa, Osamu (Schlumberger) | Noguchi, Toru (Shinshu University) | Ueki, Hiroyuki (Shinshu University) | Takeuchi, Kenji (Shinshu University) | Endo, Morinobu (Shinshu University)
Abstract A key challenge in exploiting the untapped hydrocarbons in hotter and deeper reservoirs is the lack of reliable HTHP (high temperature and high pressure) technology. This paper introduces a novel sealing material based on MWNT (Multi-wallel Carbon Nanotubes) and Rubber Nanocomposites for use in the exploration and development of HTHP reservoirs. Prior efforts in developing the Nanocomposites technology have identified two key challenges, namely, the uniform dispersion of MWNT and the poor bonding between MWNT and the rubber matrix. By developing innovative and new processes, we have resolved the issues of dispersion and bonding in 2008. The new process technologies we are pioneering are enabling us to develop a series of novel sealing systems for the HTHP environments. In one of the new sealing systems, we were able to a significantly increase the sealing performance of an existing system from 40 °C to 175 °C and 20,000 psi to one that can seal ‒10 °C to 260 °C and 45,000 psi, temperature and pressure ranges. We have completed an extensive series of tests to check the durability and reliability of the new sealing systems, including chemical-resistance tests in mud, hydrocarbon oil, brines, H2S, CO2 and in HTHP conditions. We had several successful field trials of the new sealing system around the globe, including, the Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Asia and US land. Having established the technology and its benefits in extending reliable field operations, we are now championing its use in the exploration and development efforts in hostile frontiers. We believe that our new sealing solutions based on Nanotechnology and processes are proving to meet the critical needs in the exploration and development of HT and/or HP, deep water, and other hostile environment reservoirs
Abstract An attempt has been made in this work to formulate a novel water based mud system with acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate polymer (AMPS) grafted clay/CuO nanocomposite for drilling the high temperature troublesome shale formations. Literature survey found several water mud applications of AMPS polymers in the high temperature and high salinity environment as they are highly water-soluble anionic additives. On the other hand, investigators have reported very encouraging results on rheology and fluid loss control, shale impact, well bore stability and strengthening, cuttings lifting capacity and suspension and impact on thermal properties with CuO nano particle. The improvement in rheological and fluid loss control can be attributed to the fact that pore size studies on shales have suggested nano pore size of 2-50 nm. Conventional shale stabilizers and polymers contained in a water based mud cannot plug nanopores of shale. Therefore, water invades into the wellbore, and results in high mud filtrate volume and clay swelling. Given above, AMPS grafted clay/CuO nanocomposite is expected to improve on the CuO nano particle (NP) performance and provide an excellent solution to plug nano pore size of the shale. Hence, in this paper we tried to develop a synthesized additive which assists the drilling mud to provide better bore hole stability and well integrity while drilling the formations.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Phyllosilicate (1.00)