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Collaborating Authors
Abstract In many places, Medevac is either technically challenging due to length (5 days in our experience in Arctic conditions), lack of quality medical support ashore, or hostile environment. To mitigate medical risks in these extreme environments, the authors implemented an innovative integrated medical support solution onboard seismic vessels since 2013. To limit unnecessary Medevac, we emphasized on the upgrade of diagnostic tools, through rapidly deployable mobile digital X-ray, ultrasound, and point of care laboratory automates. These equipment were used by a specifically trained medical team including an emergency physician and a registered nurse backed up by an adapted top side support. Therapeutic tools were also upgraded and the most dramatic improvement was the implementation of Fresh Whole Blood Transfusion (FWBT) and Lyophilized Plasma to address trauma induced life threatening hemorrhages and slow uncontrolled bleedings from medical origin (mostly gastro intestinal). The authors are presenting the different steps (most of them conducted onboard at sea) involved in the complex process of FWBT, from blood donors' qualifications and management to actual transfusions. The pros and cons of blood transfusion in extreme remote environment are discussed, including, health care professionals training, equipment requirements, legal and ethical issues, decision making in complex blood group matching, medical benefits and risks. Some clinical examples will be provided to illustrate the medical context in the oil & gas industry working environment in remote area and how this fully integrated onboard hospital address them. Finally based on experience in Arctic and other extreme environment the authors developed others medical solutions, more agile to support scouting surveys. This whole range of medical services aims to make oil and gas operations safer in the most extreme environments.
HIV Infection Among Cabinda Population and the Role of an Operating Company To Reduce HIV Infection Through Blood Transfusions
Gama, A.S. (Cabinda Gulf Oil Company) | Cruz, A.S. (Cabinda Gulf Oil Company) | Oliveira, M.S. (Cabinda Provincial Health Delegation) | Tiburcio, J.A. (Provincial Blood Transfusion Center)
Abstract AIDS was the first cause of reported death (47%) among adults and children at CABCOC clinics between 1997 - June 1999. In the last 10 years, 863 HIV seropositives were reported among CABGOC employees and their relatives. Between 1988–1990, 24% (15/62) of all diagnosed HIV seropositives, had a history of blood transfusion. The aims of this study are to investigate trends of HIV infection and to assess the impact of Company supported blood-screening program, at the main Hospital of the National Health Service. Despite a significant reduction in the new HIV seropositives diagnosed at the CABCOG medical unit, with history of blood transfusion in Cabinda in the last 7 years, from 20% to 1% (p<0.0000), HIV/AIDS is still an increasing public health problem in Cabinda, particularly among youth and females and is causing a burden for the health and socio - economic sectors Introduction Serological surveillance has been recognized as a more useful method for monitoring the HIV epidemic than the use of reported AIDS cases, particularly in countries were the health information systems are weak [1]. Epidemiological surveillance, when carried out with a consistent methodology among identified vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, tuberculosis patients, blood donors, patients with sexually transmitted diseases etc, provides the opportunity to validate trends among these vulnerable groups against trends in the general population. The information gathered through epidemiological surveillance can early detect changes in the pattern of the HIV epidemic and evaluate the impact of the HIV interventions [2,3]. Severe anemia is a major public health problem in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among women and children [4]. Blood transfusion has become an important mode of HIV transmission in many African countries, comprising an estimated 10% of all HIV infections [5]. In some developing countries blood transfusions have even been responsible for 25% of the neonatal and 42% of the pediatric HIV infections [6]. Cabinda is the most northern province of Angola with approximately 300.000 inhabitants. There is an intensive population movement between the province and the neighboring countries, where HIV is highly endemic. According to the National AIDS Programme in Angola, a cumulative total of 5.600 AIDS cases was reported since the first AIDS case in Angola in 1985. It is currently estimated that a total of 150.000 people are infected with HIV in the country. In the last 10 years, 863 HIV seroconversions, from a poulation of 25.000, were reported among employees and their relatives from the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (CABGOC) health facilities. AIDS was the first cause of death (47%) among adults and children at CABCOC clinics between 1997- June 1999 (57% among adults, 48% among children between 0–11 months and 32% among 1–5 years old children) [7]. Between 1988–1990, 24% (15/62) of all diagnosed HIV seropositives, among clients from CABGOC Medical department had a history of blood transfusion Blood was usually collected from volunteers, or from donors recruited by the patients (mostly a relative). In view of the severity of HIV transmission through blood transfusions in Cabinda, the Company decided in 1992 to support the Provincial Health authorities in monitoring the trends of HIV infection and to decrease the rate of HIV transmission through blood transfusions.
- Health & Medicine > Therapeutic Area > Internal Medicine (1.00)
- Health & Medicine > Therapeutic Area > Infections and Infectious Diseases (1.00)
- Health & Medicine > Therapeutic Area > Immunology > HIV (1.00)
Analysis of Paint Integrity and Underfilm Corrosion of Transmission Tower Cross-arms Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Terahertz Imaging
Fuse, Norikazu (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) | Naganuma, Atushi (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) | Fukuchi, Tetsuo (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) | Hori, Yasuhiko (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry) | Mizuno, Maya (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology) | Fukunaga, Kaori (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology)
Abstract Bidimensional analysis of paint degradation and steel corrosion was carried out on cross-arms used in an electric transmission tower on the Pacific coast of Japan by electrochemical impedance and terahertz wave measurements. Visual observation indicates that underfilm corrosion is intense on the surfaces facing the sea breeze. Electrochemical impedance shows that paint degradation is severe in materials installed at large height. However, the impedance measurement at times indicates good electrical insulating values even when the presence of underfilm corrosion is indicated by terahertz imaging. This suggests that rust expands under the film while showing no apparent signs of paint degradation, and that impedance measurements mainly focus on paint degradation. The new "see-through" technology brought about by terahertz imaging also demonstrates that corrosion is severe near mountain-folded regions of the angle steels and expands towards the edge.
- Asia > Japan (0.49)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.18)
Workers in specific settings and activities are at increased risk for certain infectious diseases. When an infectious disease case occurs in a worker, investigators need to understand the mechanisms of disease propagation in the workplace. Few publications have explored these factors in the US; a literature search yielded 66 investigations of infectious disease occurring in US workplaces during 2006–2015. Reported cases appear to be concentrated in specific industries and occupations, especially the healthcare industry, laboratory workers, animal workers, and public service workers. A hierarchy-of-controls approach can help determine how to implement effective preventive measures in workplaces.
Australia's peak body for lung health professionals is demanding a national response after hearing that work-related lung diseases are on the rise. The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) issued an official alert; workers who are regularly exposed to dusts may be at serious risk of developing a lung disease, and workplaces must do more to protect the health of their workers. The alert comes after the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology Congress 2017, where international and national experts discussed the spike of new silicosis cases in relatively young tradespeople across the country. Alarmingly, the TSANZ say silicosis is just one of a number of occupational lung diseases that is making a comeback. Professor Allan Glanville, president of TSANZ, said these lung diseases should be a thing of the past, but that poor workplace controls were allowing their resurgence.