SPE

The Use of 3-D Fault Visualization And Reservoir Juxtaposition Analysis In an Exploration Setting, U.S. Gulf of Mexico

Driggs, Allan F. (Anadarko Petroleum Corporation)

OnePetroNovember, 1997

The Allan diagram show" in Figure 1 illustrates the reservoir overlaps on the J fault which affect the Anadarko Petroleum used the FAPS (Fault Analysis and prospect. The downdip edge of the G-2 amplitude anomaly Projection System) software developed by Badley Earth corresponds to the updip limit of juxtaposition of the Science Ltd. to visualize the juxtaposition relationships hanging wall G-2 and footwall G-3 reservoirs. At the K between beds in fault zones surrounding a salt dome in an fault, not shown on the figure, the downdip edge of this exploration block in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The resulting amplitude anomaly matches the onset of self-juxtaposition model displays the complex relationship between faulting, sedimentation, and hydrocarbon trapping and is consistent with downdip amplitude anomaly limits evidenced on seismic data. Introduction Six seismic horizons control the modeling of the faults and the affected beds surrounding tbe salt body. These vary in age from Early Pliocene to Upper Miocene, during which time the salt body was active. Each seismic horizon occurs at the top of a sand reservoir. The J and K faults were modeled in the study and radiate out from the salt body in a nearly easterly direction.

OnePetro

SEG

SEG-1997-2045

1997 SEG Annual Meeting

Country:

North America > United States (0.94)
North America > Mexico (0.63)

Geologic Time:

Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (0.78)
Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Pliocene (0.60)

Geophysics: Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines: Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (0.72)

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A Fast Gridding Method for Capturing Geological Complexity and Uncertainty

Xu, Yifei (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Srivastava, Priyesh (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Ma, Xiao (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Kaul, Karan (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Huang, Hao (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company)

OnePetroFebruary, 2022

Summary In this paper, we introduce an efficient method to generate reservoir simulation grids and modify the fault juxtaposition on the generated grids. Both processes are based on a mapping method to displace vertices of a grid to desired locations without changing the grid topology. In the gridding process, a grid that can capture stratigraphical complexity is first generated in an unfaulted space. The vertices of the grid are then displaced back to the original faulted space to become a reservoir simulation grid. The resulting inversely mapped grid has a mapping structure that allows fast and easy fault juxtaposition modification. This feature avoids the process of updating the structural framework, which may be time-consuming. There is also no need to regenerate most of the reservoir properties in the new grid. To facilitate juxtaposition updates within an assisted history matching workflow, several parameterized fault throw adjustment methods are introduced. Grid examples are given for reservoirs with Y-faults, overturned beds, and complex channel-lobe systems. NOTE: This paper is also published as part of the 2021 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference Special Issue.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2118/203902-PA

SPE

SPE-203902-PA

SPE Journal

Country:

Asia (0.94)
North America > United States > Texas (0.28)

Geophysics: Geophysics (0.46)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines:

Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (0.69)

Technology: Information Technology > Modeling & Simulation (1.00)

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A Fast Gridding Method for Capturing Geological Complexity and Uncertainty

Xu, Yifei (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Srivastava, Priyesh (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Ma, Xiao (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Kaul, Karan (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Huang, Hao (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company)

OnePetroNovember, 2021

Summary In this paper, we introduce an efficient method to generate reservoir simulation grids and modify the fault juxtaposition on the generated grids. Both processes are based on a mapping method to displace vertices of a grid to desired locations without changing the grid topology. In the gridding process, a grid that can capture stratigraphical complexity is first generated in an unfaulted space. The vertices of the grid are then displaced back to the original faulted space to become a reservoir simulation grid. The resulting inversely mapped grid has a mapping structure that allows fast and easy fault juxtaposition modification. This feature avoids the process of updating the structural framework, which may be time-consuming. There is also no need to regenerate most of the reservoir properties in the new grid. To facilitate juxtaposition updates within an assisted history matching workflow, several parameterized fault throw adjustment methods are introduced. Grid examples are given for reservoirs with Y-faults, overturned beds, and complex channel-lobesystems.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2118/203902-PA

SPE

SPE-203902-PA

SPE Journal

Country:

Asia (0.94)
North America > United States > Texas (0.28)

Geophysics: Geophysics (0.46)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines:

Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (0.69)

Technology: Information Technology > Modeling & Simulation (1.00)

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Methodology of the Juxtaposition Analysis for Fault Structural Traps

Carrasco, J.. (Halliburton)

OnePetroApril, 2012

Abstract The new challenges of the oil exploration focused to the location in closed traps against faults in deep waters. The methodology has been developed for the juxtaposition studies by faults in structural traps that it analyzes the sealed surface, which is like an evaluation technique that quantifies of efficient way, the exploratory risk related with the sealed and the hierarchy of the prospective objectives in an opportune way speeding up the answer capacity for the taking of decisions that imply a high consumption of time and money. This summary synthesizes the method for the construction of the Allan's diagrams of juxtaposition. It consist of using computational tools that optimize the times of elaboration. The work flow has been directed in the realization of the juxtaposition (2D/3D) diagrams that it allows to evaluate the efficiency of the lateral sealed in traps against fault segment and obtaining of hydrocarbon new wells. To determine the capacity of sealed for the faults the seismic interpretation it is needed in depth of the roof-ceiling horizons, as well as the behavior of the segments of faults. Later on, it is carried out the seismic mapping of each geologic element to analyze. The principal stage of the methodology is the obtaining by means of an operation vector subtraction of the intersections of the objective horizon so much of the roof block and the ceiling block on the fault surface in the setting. Once certain, the vertical component of the fault jump for each one of the exploratory objectives. It proceeds to elaborate Allan's (2D) diagram in a profile made up of the integration of the intersections of all the objectives for each contour of fault surface. Finally, It spreads in perspective the geometry 3D of each fault plan with their intersections type and their impact in juxtaposition. This method has been proven with success in the hydrocarbon locations on deep waters of area the Region Marina from Gulf of Mexico.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2118/152021-MS

SPE

SPE-152021-MS

SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference

Country: North America > Mexico (0.92)

Geophysics: Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.93)

Industry: Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)

SPE Disciplines: Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (0.75)

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3D Fault Seal Analysis of the Jasmine Field, Gulf of Thailand: Capillary Pressure Estimation and Calibration Using Fluid Contact Data

OnePetroMarch, 2023

Abstract We present the results of a 3D fault-seal analysis across the central part of the Jasmine Field, Gulf of Thailand. Two techniques were applied; a stochastic juxtaposition analysis across thin, stacked, laterally variable reservoirs and then a comparison of fluid contacts and reservoir capillary pressure against predicted fault clay content. The two methodologies can be compared to better understand how they provide insights into reservoir behaviour. Our objective was to estimate capillary threshold pressures for fault-seal calibration in exploration prospects in the Gulf of Thailand. First, the stochastic juxtaposition analysis workflow evaluated whether known oil/water contact (OWC) levels in the key reservoir intervals could be explained by crossfault juxtaposition patterns. Second, modeling was used to calibrate fault capillary threshold pressure against predicted fault clay content. Fault clay content is estimated from the shale gouge ratio (SGR) and compared to the reservoir capillary pressure estimated from known OWC levels and fluid densities for each reservoir interval. The maximum capillary threshold pressure for a given clay content can be estimated and calibrated to trend curves for fault seal across the basin. For 12 key reservoir zones examined, stochastic juxtaposition analysis cannot explain observed OWC levels by crossfault juxtaposition for all reservoir intervals. Therefore, control by structural spillpoints and/or capillary membrane sealing across faults is required. Estimated capillary pressure information is combined with measured mercury-air capillary threshold pressure from Jasmine A reservoir samples and published data to create clay content-capillary threshold pressure curves to estimate fault-sealing capacity across the Jasmine Field. The results can be applied to other fields and prospects in the Gulf of Thailand. Fault-seal analysis and estimation of fault properties in areas with multiple stacked, laterally variable reservoirs is notoriously problematic because of the large uncertainties involved. Our approach of stochastic juxtaposition analysis combined with capillary pressure modeling allows the uncertainties to be addressed while providing concise and usable input to decision-making.

OnePetro

doi: 10.2523/IPTC-22831-MS

IPTC

IPTC-22831-MS

International Petroleum Technology Conference