Layer | Fill | Outline |
---|
Map layers
Theme | Visible | Selectable | Appearance | Zoom Range (now: 0) |
---|
Fill | Stroke |
---|---|
Collaborating Authors
Abstract Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a lot harder than it seems. Storage capacity can be far lower than a back-of-the-envelope calculation would suggest and keeping Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the desired phase requires careful engineering. As the adoption of carbon pricing mechanisms increase in Asia Pacific, more CCS projects are expected to be developed. In this paper, we share some technical lessons learned while working on several of these projects. The paper provides an overview of factors that should be considered for CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, primarily concerning capacity, injectivity and containment. We further discuss some of the challenges faced while assessing these factors. Firstly, we highlight the impact that regional geothermal gradients have on storage site selection. Particularly, we show that higher geothermal gradients due to the proximity to the ring of fire affects CO2 capacity negatively and CO2 injectivity positively. Building on this lesson, we propose a graphical approach which provides improved insights when screening depleted reservoirs for CO2 storage; the approach combines both density and viscosity data to screen reservoirs for capacity and injectivity. Next, challenges surrounding the dynamic modelling of CO2 injection into depleted reservoirs are discussed. We compare the use of large and small scale models, and their implications on simulation accuracy and well placement optimization. We also discuss simulation stopping techniques, and how the incorrect application of a stopping criterion may result in capacity overestimation and risk of CO2 leakage. Finally, we demonstrate the need for careful engineering at injection sites to accommodate complicated CO2 phase transitions. Two approaches were compared – injecting CO2 in liquid or supercritical state versus injecting CO2 in gas state. The trade-offs between both approaches suggested that neither options should be ruled out by default, and that both options should be evaluated against project specific constraints.
- Asia (1.00)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas > Frio Formation (0.98)
- Europe > Netherlands > North Sea > Dutch Sector > K12a License > K12-B Field > Slochteren Formation (0.98)
Abstract The potential to exacerbate or accelerate climate change as a consequence of burning fossil fuels has received considerable international attention in recent years. The Kyoto Protocol emerged as one response to initiate first steps towards stabilisation of atmospheric concentrations of CO2.It is clear that there is no one single technology that can lead to stabilisation in the timeframe that appears to be required. Large-scale implementation of capture and storage of CO2 is being considered as a potential option that could make a material contribution to a portfolio of options for the stabilisation of atmospheric concentrations. A number of hurdles require to be overcome before this technology will be widely applied. These include i) significant reductions in the cost of capture of CO2 from combustion processes, ii) acceptance that geological storage can be a safe and effective mitigation option, iii) the development of commercial mechanisms that enable viable projects to emerge and iv) clarification of a number of regulatory and legal issues. Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was jointly established in 1988, by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Its present terms of reference are to:Assess available information on the science, the impacts, and the economics of - and the options for mitigating and/ or adapting to - climate change. To provide, on request, scientific/technical/socio-economic advice to the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Third Assessment Report from the IPCC [1] was published in 2001.This detailed review of the scientific, technical and socio-economic aspects of climate change concluded that there is clear evidence to show that global climate has changed over the last 100 years and that a significant proportion of that change could be attributed to the release of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere during the combustion of fossil fuels.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Japan > Kansai > Kyoto Prefecture > Kyoto (0.24)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.94)
- Geology > Mineral (0.69)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.46)
- Law (1.00)
- Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Abstract The capacity for the storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers remains enormous. Of all geological storage media, it provides the best storage capacity. In this study, the potential of the Shuaiba Formation, in the Falaha syncline, for geologic sequestration is assessed. A regional geo-model was built using seismic and well data (logs, cores) from the Falaha Syncline and nearby fields. The model was built to honor the heterogeneity and sequence stratigraphy of the Shuaiba carbonate platform using a five-order hierarchical conceptual model of the Shuaiba formation that merged sequence architecture and reservoir architecture together. This was achieved by honoring lithofacies, facies association packages and rock types in their corresponding depositional settings in the sequence framework. Dynamic simulations were then conducted on an upscaled geological model using a compositional reservoir simulator to determine its storage and flow capacity, plume migration pathways and to understand the physics of the fluid flow in the aquifer. Simulations are made to be conservative thus accounting for structural/stratigraphic, solubility (dissolution in resident brine) and residual trapping without accounting for the slower mineral trapping process. Detailed sensitivity studies were conducted during the simulations to understand the effect of well parameters, rock and fluid properties amongst others on the storage capacity in the aquifer. Simulation results indicate that significant volumes could be stored in the aquifer and could take a significant amount of time before the injected gas reaches the surrounding hydrocarbon producing fields. This study provides the first full field approach to characterize and to quantify the suitability of the identified aquifer for long term storage of carbon dioxide in the subsurface of UAE.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.94)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.66)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 046 > Utsira Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > Barents Sea > Hammerfest Basin > License 100 > Block 7121/7 > Snøhvit Field > Stø Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > Barents Sea > Hammerfest Basin > License 100 > Block 7121/7 > Snøhvit Field > Nordmela Formation (0.99)
- (72 more...)
Strategies for Attaining CO2 Sequestration with Environmental Integrity
Peltz, Adam (The Environmental Defense Fund) | Anderson, Scott (The Environmental Defense Fund) | Saunders, Nichole (The Environmental Defense Fund) | Koka, Jona (The Environmental Defense Fund) | Graham, Jenna (The Environmental Defense Fund) | Portela, Bea (The Environmental Defense Fund)
Abstract This paper presents the technical and regulatory considerations essential for the environmental integrity of geological carbon sequestration. In this context, environmental integrity is defined as a site experiencing no CO2 leakage into the atmosphere, no groundwater contamination, and no significant earthquakes. At a time when geological sequestration is increasingly recognized as a necessary building block to the carbon-neutral economy, this paper presents a path towards its achievement with environmental integrity. The central pillar of the paper delineates sixteen technical recommendations for ensuring environmental integrity, tracking the lifecycle of a CO2 geologic sequestration project. Within the technical realm, special attention is given to topics beyond a site's lifecycle, such as geology types, and CO2 sequestration via enhanced oil recovery. Lastly the paper discusses the governance factors essential to ensuring a legal and regulatory regime that can support these technical considerations. Though the paper draws extensively from US examples, it is designed for global applicability. These recommendations are rooted in the authors’ combined decades of experience as non-governmental actors in the CO2 sequestration space. Together with a consortium of leading subject matter experts across the United States and Europe, the authors developed the sixteen core recommendations, and used study of regulatory frameworks for geologic sequestration to inform the principles provided. As the funding, scale, and need for carbon capture projects accelerates dramatically, it is essential that industry and regulators are aligned toward ensuring environmental integrity – the industry's social license to operate, and the climate, will depend on it.
- Law (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
Abstract Natural gas is the noble fuel of 21st century. Consumption increased nearly 30% in last decade. Exploitation of conventional, unconventional, and contaminated gas resources are in focus to meet the demand. There are number of giant gas fields discovered worldwide and some of them with higher degree of contaminants viz. CO2, H2S and Hg. Additionally, they have operating challenges of high pressure and temperature. It becomes more complex when discovery is in offshore environment. This study presents the development and production, separation, transportation and identification & evaluation of storage sites and sequestration and MMV plan of a giant carbonate gas field in offshore Malaysia. Geological, Geophysical and petrophysical data used to describe the reservoir architecture, property distribution and spatial variation in more than 1000m thick gas bearing formation. Laboratory studies carried out to generate the rock and fluid representative SCAL (G-W), EOS and Supercritical CO2-brine relative permeability, geomechanics and geochemical data for recovery and storage estimates in simulation model and evaluating the post storage scenario. These data are critical in hydrocarbon gas prediction and firming up the number of development wells and in the simulation of CO2 storage depleted carbonate gas field. Important is to understand the mechanism in the target field for storage capacity, types of storage- structural and stratigraphic trapping, solubility trapping, residual trapping and mineral trapping. Study covers methodologies developed for minimization of hydrocarbon loss during contaminants separation and utilization of CO2 in usable products. Uncertainty and risk analysis have been carried out to have range of solution for production prediction and CO2 storage. Coupled Simulation studies predict the production plateau rate and 5 Tscf recovery separated contaminants profile and volume > one Tscf in order to have suitable geological structure for storage safely forever. Major uncertainties in the dynamic and coupled geomechanical-geochemical dynamic model has been captured and P90, P50, P10 forecast and storage rates and volumes have been calculated. Results includes advance methodologies of separation of hydrocarbon gas and CO2 like membrane and cryogenics for bulk separation of CO2 from raw gas and its transportation in liquid and supercritical form for storage. Study estimates components of sequestration mechanism, effect of heterogeneity on transport in porous media and height of stored CO2 in depleted reservoir and migration of plume vertically and horizontally. Generation of chemical product using separated CO2 for industrial use is highlighted.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (0.88)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.69)