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Collaborating Authors
Innovative Hydrocarbon-Based Additives for Diesel Engines in Oil Field Operations: Mitigating GHG Emissions, Improving Performance, and Advancing Sustainability
Alrefaai, M. M. (ADNOC ONSHORE, Abu Dhabi, UAE) | Hashmi, U. (ADNOC ONSHORE, Abu Dhabi, UAE) | AlJneibi, M. S. (ADNOC ONSHORE, Abu Dhabi, UAE) | Alhebsi, A. A. (ADNOC ONSHORE, Abu Dhabi, UAE) | Alkatheeri, F. O. (ADNOC ONSHORE, Abu Dhabi, UAE) | A, G. De Jesus Geurrero Pena (Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE)
Abstract Over the years, in most countries, more strict regulations are being implemented on the emissions resulting from fossil fuels combustion. Among all the conventional fuels used, diesel is considered the one being highly polluting in terms of soot emissions. Therefore many researchers and organizations are continuously looking for technologies to reduce the concentration of particulates produced from diesel burning activities. One of the promising solutions is the hydrocarbon-based additives for Diesel fuel (DF) that can reduce the soot emissions and other harmful pollutants from diesel engine. Diesel as a fuel and its applications The fossil fuel mainly diesel and gasoline, are blends of hydrocarbons produced by fractional distillation of crude oil in petroleum refineries [1-3]. Based on the fuel used, the engines were classified into gasoline and diesel engines, which use gasoline and diesel fuels, respectively. Both are internal combustion engines, where chemical energy from the fuel is converted to mechanical energy. The main difference between the two engines is their mechanism of operation. In the gasoline engine, fuel and air are mixed first, and then, the mixture is compressed by pistons before ignition take place by spark generated from the spark plugs. On the other hand, the air is initially compressed in the diesel engine, before the fuel is injected, and then the autoignition of the fuel takes place in hot compressed air [4]. Despite of the fuel type, fossil fuels are generally witnessing an increase in their demand all over the world because of their high energy content and combustion efficiency, consequently, the level of pollutants in the atmosphere is rising as well [5, 6]. DF is mainly used due to their excellent drivability and high durability for many applications such as electric power generation, transportation (including road trucks, military, marine shipping and rail transportation) and off-road uses (e.g., mining, farming and construction) [7]. However, the main concern with the using DF is the pollution caused and its impact on environment [8]. Pollutants are formed as a result of the incomplete combustion in internal engines. Such as soot which known as particulate matter as well, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) [4, 9].
- Asia > Middle East > UAE (0.28)
- Europe (0.28)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.50)
- Energy > Renewable > Biofuel > Biodiesel (0.30)
Dual-fuel Operation of Compression-ignition Engine Using Biodiesel for Pilot Injection
Bob-Manuel, Kelvin D. H. (Rivers State University of Science and Technology) | Crookes, Roy J. (University of London) | Korakianitis, Theodosios (St Louis University) | Namasivayam, Ashand M. (Jaguar Cars Limited)
Technical challenges facing the marine engine manufacturers and ship-owners are the use of existing fossil fuels economically; attain future emission regulations and the technique needed to use renewable/sustainable fuels. Hence greater effort is being made worldwide in the area of energy conversion. Short-term measure that has attracted interest is the use of fuels that can be readily available and friendly to the environment. Important criteria in the selection of a fuel option for marine diesel engine operation include economy, reliability and its availability for bunkering at different ports. Fuels of low or no sulphur content, which produce low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates matters (PM), would be expected to meet some of the future exhaust emission standards imposed by IMO, EPA and other national and international organizations. Performance of marine diesel engines using low pressure natural gas with diesel fuel for pilot ignition has been carried out by several investigators (Grosshans 1998, Berdes-Silva 2001, and Mosaad 2000). According to Marine Engineers Review (2003), natural gas is foreseen as a potential alternative fuel in the near future particularly for ferries operating in inland waterways and for short voyage shipping. For the Wartsila 50 DF dual-fuel marine engine using natural gas, diesel is used for pilot injection (Wartsila 50DF-Tech.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Hydrogen (0.94)
- (3 more...)
Option for Adoption of Hydrogen or Natural Gas With Emulsified Biodiesel for Pilot Injection in Dual-Fuel Operation of Diesel Engines
Bob-Manuel, K. D. (* Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) | Crookes, R. J. (** University of London) | Korakianitis, T.. (** University of London) | Namasivayam, A. M. (** University of London)
Abstract The research on the use of alternative or sustainable fuel in diesel engine operation for transportation and power plant has been intensified in the past few years to achieve improved performance and friendly environment. In this study, an emulsified biodiesel (rapeseed methyl ester โ RME) was used for pilot injection in a natural gas and hydrogen dual-fuelled compression ignition (CI) engine to investigate the performance and levels of exhaust emissions under steady state conditions. Generally operation with natural gas dual-fuel using emulsified RME fuel pilot injection reduced NOx emissions while similar operation with hydrogen increases the NOx. The use of hydrogen as fuel in transportation and power plant operation will contribute mainly in the reduction of CO2 and hence greenhouse effect (climate change) on the environment.
- Energy > Renewable > Hydrogen (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- (2 more...)
The Potential of Methanol and Ammonia to Decarbonize Shipping: Impact on GHG and Other Pollutants
Voniati, G. (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Dimaratos, A. (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Kyklis, S. (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Koltsakis, G. (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Ntziachristos, L. (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)
Decarbonization of the maritime sector towards the achievement of the ambitious IMO targets requires the combination of various technologies. Alternative fuels with low or zero carbon content can play a significant role. This work makes a preliminary assessment of the potential of methanol and ammonia to contribute to the decarbonization of shipping, analyzing their benefits and highlighting the main challenges before their extensive application.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.28)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Industrial Gases (0.94)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.93)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.68)
Fuel Economy and Emission Characteristics of a High Horsepower Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine in Oil & Gas Operations
Wijesinghe, Asanga (Houston Advanced Research Center) | LaFleur, Carolyn (Houston Advanced Research Center) | Meng, Fanxu (Houston Advanced Research Center) | Colvin, John (Houston Advanced Research Center) | Haut, Richard (Houston Advanced Research Center)
Abstract Oil & gas industry continuously seeks alternative ways to combine cleaner and lower cost gaseous fuel with diesel fuel as a diesel fuel supplement to reduce undesirable emissions and expensive fuel cost from these diesel engines. One substantially increasing technology is converting CI diesel engines to natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engines using a moderate engine modification. However, just how these modified engines perform in drilling operations is not well documented and require further assessment. Using advanced instrumentation designed for use at active drilling sites, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and soot in exhaust from a high-horsepower engine coupled to a generator were measured in both dual-fuel and diesel-only operation modes. Dual-fuel engines have the advantages of providing the same power as conventional diesel engines, producing lower amounts of emissions such as nitrogen oxides and soot, and cost saving through diesel displacement up to 50 %. In addition, the results show that the emissions from combustion of natural gas are very different from those of the diesel fuel it displaces. Co-combustion of the two fuels in a CI engine exhibits distinct emissions characteristics, with advantages in reduced oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and soot. Significant disadvantages were seen in emissions of non-combusted methane and formaldehyde. In some conditions, as much as 30% of the gas fuel was emitted unburned, significantly diminishing fuel efficiency and increasing greenhouse gas emission.