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The conceptual aspects of the displacement of oil by gas in reservoir rocks are discussed in this section. There are three aspects to this displacement: gas and oil viscosities, gas/oil capillary pressure (Pc) and relative permeability (kr) data, and the compositional interaction, or component mass transfer, between the oil and gas phases. The first two topics are discussed in this section; the third is discussed in the next section. Gas/Oil Viscosity and Density Contrast One must first understand the viscosity and density differences between gas and oil to appreciate why the gas/oil displacement process can be very inefficient. Gases at reservoir conditions have viscosities of 0.02 cp, whereas oil viscosities generally range from 0.5 cp to tens of centipoises.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
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- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.68)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment > Reef Environment (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
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- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Gas-injection methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (1.00)
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Gas injection projects are undertaken when and where there is a readily available supply of gas. This gas supply typically comes from produced solution gas or gas-cap gas, gas produced from a deeper gas-filled reservoir, or gas from a relatively close gas field. Such projects take a variety of forms, including the following: * Reinjection of produced gas into existing gas caps overlying producing oil columns.
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- North America > United States > Texas > East Texas Salt Basin > Hawkins Field > Woodbine Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma > Anadarko Basin > Oklahoma City Field (0.99)
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Many aspects of reservoir geology interplay with the immiscible gas/oil displacement process to determine overall recovery efficiency. Because there is always a considerable density difference between gas and oil, the extent to which vertical segregation of the fluids occurs and can be taken advantage of or controlled is critical to the success of gas displacing oil. As with any oil recovery process involving the injection of one fluid to displace oil in the reservoir, the internal geometries of the reservoir interval have a controlling effect on how efficiently the injected fluid displaces the oil from the whole of the reservoir. The stratigraphy of a reservoir is determined primarily by its depositional environment. First and foremost is how layered the reservoir is in terms of both how heterogeneous the various sand intervals are and the scale at which shales or other barriers to vertical flow are interbedded with the sands.
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- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.89)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.40)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
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