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With the growth in drilling deviated, extended-reach, and horizontal wells, the location of the wellbore is increasingly a 3D problem. It is encountered in one of two situations: to direct and define the trajectory of the well during the drilling process (geosteering) or to characterize the well path after drilling. The former has contributed to huge increases in well productivity. The latter is a vital element of integrated reservoir studies in which the aim is to generate a 3D model of the reservoir based on correct well locations. This discussion is set within the context of the latter.
- Europe (0.92)
- Asia (0.92)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.92)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.67)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Magnetic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Gravity Surveying > Gravity Acquisition (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Europe > France > Paris Basin (0.99)
- Africa > Gabon > Rabi Kounga Field (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- (8 more...)
This chapter describes three categories of specialized well logging: downhole measurements that are concerned with the geometry and integrity of the wellbore; acoustic and electrical imaging of the geological architecture and fabric of the rock system penetrated by the well; and downhole measurements that use the Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields to infer large-scale changes through density and magnetization, respectively. Although some of these technologies are applied beyond the petroleum industry (e.g., geotechnical studies and hydrogeology), this overview concentrates on their hydrocarbon applications. Each topic has a brief introduction, a description of the principles of each method, a discussion of its practical application, and, in selected cases, an illustrative case history. Figure 1G.1 summarizes how these specialized logging methods relate to reservoir characteristics and the techniques for measuring them, as presented in Chaps. Figure 1G.1 โ This chart is separated into three concentric areas: the middle annular area indicates the subsurface properties to be evaluated, the innermost area indicates the specialized logging tools discussed here, and the outermost area indicates the logging tools discussed in other subchapters of this Handbook. The corresponding innermost and outermost areas show how the different tools complement each other in the investigation of particular subsurface properties. Figure 1G.2 โ Vectorial illustration of the use of three-axis magnetometer and accelerometer data to calculate the inclination and azimuth of the directional-survey tool and of the wellbore itself.[3] Vertical scale on the Well Path Plot is true vertical depth (TVD). Depth markers on the Plan View trace are measured depths. The Tabular Listing links the two depth scales at measurement stations and contains the wellbore deviation, azimuth, and coordinates at the points of measurement.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Europe > France > Paris Basin (0.99)
- Africa > Gabon > Rabi Kounga Field (0.99)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
A Presalt Operator Experience with Different Resistive Imaging Tools in NCM Environment
de C. Laier, Ana Patrรญcia C. (Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) | Fatah, Tuany Y. A. (Baker Hughes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) | de Araรบjo, Alexandre Magno Barbosa (Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) | Barreto, Denise (Baker Hughes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) | Salazar, Jesus P. (Baker Hughes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) | Mesquita, Flavio C. (Baker Hughes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Abstract Considering the challenges faced in the Brazillian presalt, the importance of acquiring good quality borehole imaging (BHI) data in exploratory and production wells in this amazing province is crucial. The BHI is used to provide detailed information needed for geological, geomechanical and petrophysical analysis. The objective of this study was to compare the images of four different wireline borehole imaging tools acquired in a non-conductive mud (NCM) system with the main purpose of investigating the use of the conductive technology imaging tool to operate in this type of environment. The use of borehole image technology allows the visualization of geological, geomechanical and petrophysical features such as facies, lithological boundaries, fractures, small-scale faults, drilling induced fractures and breakouts, invasion, fluid contacts and secondary porosity. This study proposes an integrated analysis between the data acquired with a high-resolution resistivity formation imager wireline tool originally designed for conductive mud systems, in a non-conductive mud system, with two other resistivity imagers designed for non-conductive mud systems and with an acoustic imaging tool that works in both environments. The four data image files logged in the well were processed and interpreted by the operator including quality control. The operator used an integrated approach during planning, acquisition, processing and interpretation. Since they are an important part to understand the results, the measurement principles of each technology are briefly described in the Borehole Imaging (BHI) & Previous Studies section. The acquisition of an image using a tool developed for the conductive environment in a non-conductive mud system was successful. But when these results were compared with the images from two other imaging tools designed for this type of drilling fluid, it was clear that the latter had better performances presenting good quality images in most part of the logged interval. The results show that imaging tool designed for the conductive environment presented a borehole image with good quality in a non-conductive environment with a good repeatability when compared to images from tools designed specifically for this latter environment.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (0.73)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Santos Basin > Libra Block > Mero Field (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Santos Basin > Barra Velha Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Borehole imaging and wellbore seismic (1.00)
Summary A new ultrasonic tool for borehole and casing imaging has been developed based on recent cementation imaging technology. A rotating ultrasonic transducer scans the borehole at a high sampling rate to provide detailed images of echo amplitude and radius. A 250 or 500 kHz focused transducer gives high resolution, penetration in heavy mud and low sensitivity to tool eccentering. The echoes are analyzed by a downhole digital signal processor to optimize the accuracy and reliability of the radius measurement. The measurements are corrected for eccentering, and the image color scales are dynamically adjusted for optimum sensitivity in real time by the surface computer. Comparisons with electrical imaging tools show the ultrasonic amplitude measurement tends to respond to lithology indirectly via changes in borehole radius or rugosity. Ultrasonic imaging is unique in making quantitative high-resolution measurements of borehole geometry that are useful for borehole stability analysis. Examples of automatic hole shape analysis are shown. The tool can also evaluate internal casing corrosion and detect holes. Introduction Detailed images of the borehole can be produced by three common techniques: video cameras, micro-electrical imagers and ultrasonic scanners. Video cameras operate only in clear liquids or gases. Electrical imagers cannot be used in oil-base mud. The ultrasonic method works in water-base and oil-base muds and is the only technique that provides a high-resolution caliper (borehole geometry) survey. The first ultrasonic instrument, the borehole televiewer, was introduced over 25 years ago. In the 1980s Shell and Amoco updated the design and in the last few years the technique has enjoyed a revival of interest with the introduction of new tools by service companies.
- Geology > Rock Type (0.91)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
Abstract A new ultrasonic tool for borehole and casing imaging has been developed based on recent cementation imaging technology. A rotating ultrasonic transducer scans the borehole at a high sampling rate to provide detailed images of echo amplitude and radius. A 250 or 500 kHz focused transducer gives high resolution, penetration in heavy mud and low sensitivity to tool eccentering. The echoes are analyzed by a downhole digital signal processor to optimize the accuracy and reliability of the radius measurement. The measurements are corrected for eccentering, and the image color scales are dynamically adjusted for optimum sensitivity in real time by the surface computer. Comparisons with electrical imaging tools show the ultrasonic amplitude measurement tends to respond to lithology indirectly via changes in borehole radius or rugosity. Ultrasonic imaging is unique in making quantitative high-resolution measurements of borehole geometry that are useful for borehole stability analysis. Examples of automatic hole shape analysis are shown. The tool can also evaluate internal casing corrosion and detect holes. 1. Introduction Detailed images of the borehole can be produced by three common techniques: video cameras, microelectrical imagers and ultrasonic scanners. Video cameras operate only in clear liquids or gases. Electrical imagers cannot be used in oil-base mud. The ultrasonic method works in water-base and oilbase muds and is the only technique that provides a high-resolution caliper (borehole geometry) survey. The first- ultrasonic instrument, the borehole televiewer, was introduced over 25 years ago [1]. In the 1980s Shell and Amoco updated the design and in the last few years the technique has enjoyed a revival of interest with the introduction of new tools by service companies [2,3].
- Geology > Rock Type (0.90)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)