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Abstract With re-entry drilling systems available for hole sizes as small as 3-7/8", slimhole reentry horizontal drilling offers operators an opportunity to improve field recovery and revitalize wells suffering from gas or water coning by infill drilling. In particular, the potential for coiled tubing drilling has created significant industry interest over the last 18 months. Offshore where there is no derrick in place, use of a coiled tubing drilling system makes it possible to redrill old wells and perform horizontal re-entries. To date, coiled tubing re-entry wells have used a conventional rig to cut the window, adding unnecessary costs and time to the program. It was recognized that a coiled tubing conveyed window cutting system will enhance the capabilities of coiled tubing drilling by eliminated the need to cut the window with a conventional rig. The problems of slimhole window cutting include controlling weight on bit while starting the window, and reducing torque while milling to prevent drillpipe failure. In the coiled tubing application, rotation is supplied by a downhole motor, which presents additional problems with respect to controlling weight on bit. A milling system that combines downhole motors with hydraulic thrusters to supply constant weight on bit has been bench-tested and field proven. While the prototype system required three milling runs after setting and orienting the packer, subsequent systems are in testing to reduce the number of milling runs to one. A description of the applications and requirements of the window cutting system is provided, along with bench test and field test results.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- North America > United States > Mississippi > Marion County (0.24)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 121481, ’Wireline Tractor Milling Operations From a Riserless Light-Well Intervention Vessel at the High-Temperature Asgard Field,’ by Henning Juel, SPE, Havard Ranum, and Svein Mjaaland, SPE, StatoilHydro, and Terje Varne, Dag Birger Solberg, and Rune Bjorndal, Aker Solutions, originally prepared for the 2009 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, 31 March-1 April. The full-length paper describes a case history of the first use of wireline-tractor scale-milling technology from a riserless light well-intervention (RLWI) vessel. The well in the high-temperature åsgard field had a history of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale buildup in the production liner. A well intervention in 2003 with coiled tubing failed to remove the scale bridges completely. The objective of the intervention was to remove a 23-m CaCO3-scale bridge to provide access for installation of a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) bridge plug and permit additional perforation work. Introduction The åsgard development in the Haltenbanken area off mid-Norway consists of three independent discoveries (Smørbukk, Smørbukk Sør, and Midgard) connected to two floating production installations and a condensate-storage vessel. åsgard is developed with subsea wells only and began production in 1999. The operation described in the full-length paper was performed at Smørbukk, a high-temperature gas/condensate field producing from five independent reservoir layers. The wells are completed with 7-in. production tubing and 7-in. cemented-and-perforated liner. Most of the wells produce commingled from the different reservoir zones. The field is produced mainly by depletion, with some pressure support from gas injection. The reservoir complexity of the Smørbukk field together with commingled production and injection strategy has necessitated regular data acquisition. RLWI has been used extensively, a total of 23 RLWI operations having been performed since 2003, mainly production logging and perforating. RLWI Equipment A number of papers have been written describing the RLWI concept. The concept is based on use of a subsea intervention well-control package including a lubricator with no high-pressure riser tied back to the vessel. A dynamically positioned vessel normally is used for these operations. Island Frontier was the vessel used in this operation. The subsea lubricator system used for this operation consists of four main elements with minimum inside diameter (ID) of 7/16 in. The first element is the lower intervention package including the subsea connector and the main barrier elements consisting of two barrier valves and a shear seal ram. The second main element is the lower lubricator package consisting of the subsea grease system and the workover control module that controls the functions in the subsea lubricator system. The third main element is the upper lubricator package (ULP) including the lubricator tubular and a cutting ball valve. The fourth main element is the pressure-control head (PCH) consisting of the wireline flow tubes and emergency packing elements.
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Montgomery County > The Woodlands (0.25)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea > Ile Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea > Halten Terrace > PL 479 > Block 6506/12 > Åsgard Field > Smørbukk Field > Åre Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea > Halten Terrace > PL 479 > Block 6506/12 > Åsgard Field > Smørbukk Field > Tofte Formation (0.99)
- (45 more...)
Summary The objectives of this investigation were to demonstrate experimentally thesignificance of liner-wall mass uniformity and concentricity on the penetratingeffectiveness (total target penetration and target hole size and symmetry) ofconical shaped charges penetration and target hole size and symmetry) ofconical shaped charges and to devise a systematic approach for selecting theoptimum manufacturing conditions for the production of acceptably uniformshaped-charge liners. Experimental results indicated that total targetpenetration decreased with incasing liner-wall mass nonuinformity. Moreover, astatistical quality control method was implemented to investigatesystematically the variation in the symmetry of newly produced liners as afunction of several manufacturing parameters, such as die vibration, dierotation, die pressing loads, and die dwelling/shaping times. Introduction Explosive charges with thin metallic liners, or shaped charges, have beenused extensively since World War II to perforate oil and gas wells. Design ofeffective well-completion methods relies heavily on the availability ofaccurate information about the performance characteristics (total targetpenetration, target hole size and symmetry, shot density, and shot phasing) ofthe gun-charge system and on the repeatability of the perforatorperformance. The effect of the "hollow charge," which concentrates the force ofan explosive charge on a small area by hollowing out the charge opposite thisarea, is known as the Munroe effect in England and the U.S. and as the Newmaneffect in Germany, in honor of the men who first initiated the study andapplication of this phenomenon (in 1885 and 1911, respectively). During World War II, this phenomenon (in 1885 and 1911, respectively). During World War II, this principle was modified by incorporation of a thin metallic liner inprinciple was modified by incorporation of a thin metallic liner in thehollowedout space. This modification resulted in even better perforatingeffectiveness of the charge for a given amount of perforating effectiveness ofthe charge for a given amount of explosive compared with an equivalent unlinedhollow charge. A large variety of geometrical shapes-hemispheres, paraboloids, pear shapes, and trumpet shapes-were tried, but the conical- and pear shapes, and trumpetshapes-were tried, but the conical- and wedge-shaped charges proved to be themost effective m converting the energy of detonation into a perforatinghigh-speed, metallic, particle-laden jet. particle-laden jet. The mechanism ofcone collapse and formation of highspeed jets has been studied by means ofhigh-speed radiographs (flash X-ray radiography) obtained during the explosiveprocess. The detonation of the booster charge (Fig. 1) starts an explosive wavethat, upon striking the liner cone, produces very high pressures (about 25 to40 GPa [250,000 to 400,000 bars]). The cone then moves to the right and dividesinto two parts, with the dividing surface lying somewhere between the inner andthe outer surfaces of the cone (Fig. 2). The metal from the outer surface formsa slug traveling at 500 to 1000 m/s [1,640 to 3,280 ft/sec], and the metal fromthe inner cone forms into a jet traveling along the axis of the charge at 2000to 10 000 m/s (6,250 to 32,800 ft/sec, or about 4,261 to 22,364 miles/hr). The detonation pressure gives the liner a velocity v0 in a direction thatbisects the angle of collapse (Fig. 2). This presumes that the pressuredistribution around the conical liner is symmetrical. It also presumes that theconical-liner mass distribution is circum-ferentially uniform so that themomentum imparted by the detonation wave to a liner-ring segment is notdependent on the angular position of that segment within that ring. Thesymmetrical collapse position of that segment within that ring. The symmetricalcollapse of the metallic liner leads to a high-speed, particle-laden jet thatis aligned with the axis of the charge and is followed by a slower metallicslug. The high-speed jet produces a primary penetration. Subsequently, if theslug velocity is high enough to impose on the target pressures that are higherthan its compressive yield strength, a secondary penetration will increase thepenetration length, especially if the liner jet and slug are moving in acollinear path. To transfer maximum momentum to a target normal to the charge axis andtherefore to maximize the penetrating effectiveness of the shaped charge, oneshould opt for a well-formed metallic jet perfectly aligned with the chargeaxis. This requires that the liner perfectly aligned with the charge axis. Thisrequires that the liner inner and outer surfaces be perfectly symmetrical aboutthe bulk of the explosive. Liner-lateral-wall symmetry and symmetry of allassembly elements about the charge axis are necessary for maximum penetration;otherwise, the uneven detonation wave will result in penetration; otherwise, the uneven detonation wave will result in poor penetration. poor penetration. Attention to the shaped-charge design symmetry and tolerances is important toeliminate poor and inconsistent performance by shaped charges. The design ofshaped charges requires knowledge of the effects of liner and explosive chargeprecision on target penetration. Results of early studies indicated that shapedpenetration. Results of early studies indicated that shaped charges should beaccurately symmetrical about the charge axis and that variations along the axismay generally be ignored. Those studies also showed that variations about theaxis always produce undesirable perturbations. It was concluded that the bestefforts to keep the cavity symmetrical with respect to the charge axis arenullified by irregular or unsymmetrical liners and that the most seriousproblem to be solved was obtaining symmetrical and identical liners. The liner design is the most important aspect of the shaped-charged designbecause it constitutes the active penetrating element of the perforator. Acalibrated Geiger tube and americium 241(241 Am) perforator. A calibrated Geiger tube and americium 241(241 Am) setup for measuring the wall massdistribution of shaped-charge liners was used to acquire quantitativeinformation about the quality of liners used in the assembly of the shapedcharges to be tested. Twenty liners of premeasured wall mass variation wereused in the assembly of 20 shaped charges. These shaped charges weresubsequently tested by shooting at concrete targets. Results of total targetpenetration and target hole symmetry were acquired as a function of axialasymmetry in liner wall mass. Furthermore, information was obtained onliner-quality variation as a function of manufacturing parameters. Experimental Equipment and Procedure The axial symmetry in the wall mass distribution of the conical liners wasevaluated with a Geiger counter radioactivity detector (supplied by Ludlum Measurements Inc.) in conjunction with a 241Am 9.25 × 10–9-Bq [25-m Ci]radioactive source. The information from the Geiger counter in counts per unittime was recorded on a digital adding ratemeter (Model 2200 supplied by Ludlum Measurements Inc.). Fig. 3 is a schematic of the measurement setup. Operation of the Conicial-Liner Wall Mass Measurement Setup. During theoperation of this measurement setup, the liner wall was placed between theradiation source and the Geiger detector. The placed between the radiationsource and the Geiger detector. The counts of radioactive particles per unittime detected by the Geiger tube were inversely proportional to the materialmass between the radiation source and the detector.
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
- Europe > United Kingdom > England (0.24)
Abstract Slimhole re-entry horizontal drilling offers operators an opportunity to improve field recovery by in fill drilling, and revitalize wells suffering from gas or water coning. Re-entry drilling systems are available for hole sizes down to 3-7/8". The potential for coiled tubing drilling has created significant industry interest over the last 18 months. In offshore applications where there is no derrick in place, use of a coiled tubing drilling system makes it possible to redrill old wells and perform horizontal re-entries. Coiled tubing re-entry wells completed so far have used a conventional rig to cut the window. This adds unnecessary costs and time to the program. A coiled tubing conveyed window cutting system will dramatically reduce the overall wells costs, and thereby expand the market for coiled tubing re-entries. The problems of slimhole window cutting include controlling weight on bit while starting the window, and reducing torque while milling to prevent drillpipe failure. In the coiled tubing application, rotation is supplied by a downhole motor which presents additional problems with respect to controlling weight on bit. A milling system using downhole motors with hydraulic thrusters to supply constant weight on bit has been bench-tested and field proven. The prototype system required three milling runs after setting and orienting the packer. Subsequent systems will be tested to reduce the number of milling runs to one. A description of the applications and requirements of the window cutting system is provided, along with bench test and field test results.
Implementation of an Advanced Multi-Lateral System With Coiled Tubing Accessibility
Antczak, E.J. (Nederlandse Aardolie Mij. B.V.) | Smith, D.G.L. (Nederlandse Aardolie Mij. B.V.) | Roberts, D.L. (Sperry-Sun Drilling Services) | Lowson, Brent (Sperry-Sun Drilling Services) | Norris, Robert (Pressure Control Engineering)
Abstract This paper describes the design requirements for the development, and the field experiences gained in the successful installation of the world's first through tubing, selective lateral access system installed by an operator in Rotterdam Field, in The Netherlands. The project goals included the development, testing and field deployment of completion equipment which would:permit selective coiled tubing access into any of several lined laterals of a well bore, for reservoir management, maintenance, and stimulation, and specifically allow the installation of flow control devices within the lateral. The lateral access system (or "access sleeve") was specifically designed and test-verified to positively orient and latch within newly developed "pre-milled" casing window technology. Well RTD-14 was drilled and the main bore cased, using an oriented, "pre-milled" casing window in the 7" liner. A drilling whipstock was oriented to the "pre-milled" window, and secured into the orienting latch coupling. A 4-3/4" lateral was drilled from the casing window, and lined with 3-1/2", and mechanically tied-back to the main bore via the casing window system's tie-back hanger. The whipstock was retrieved and the access sleeve was oriented, latched and isolated above and below utilizing the same casing window system's integral orienting latch coupling and integral seal bore subs. Using coiled tubing (CT) and running through drill pipe to prevent excessive buckling, a re-entry whipstock device was inserted into the access sleeve. A plug was then run on CT across the whipstock, out the access sleeve, and into the lateral liner without resistance. The plug was set within a landing nipple of the lined lateral. The plug and whipstock were then retrieved using CT. The access sleeve was temporarily retrieved from the casing window system in order to perforate the lower zone with tubing conveyed guns. After perforating, the access sleeve was successfully reinstalled, properly oriented and secured into the casing window latch coupling. Finally, 3-1/2" completion tubing, and the upper wellhead were installed. Problems occurred during installation of this first combined "pre-milled" casing window plus access sleeve system. The problems were successfully dealt with to fully meet the project objectives. Equipment design modifications were identified for improvements to the installation and operation of the combined systems. Many applications of multi-branched wellbores are expected to require total lateral access for conducting routine maintenance, production monitoring, stimulation, and flow control or flow regulation. Reliable through tubing access becomes another tool for cost effective reservoir management for the operator. This new technology will provide flexibility in the future design and operation of complex drainage architecture wellbores. Cost effective intervention in complex drainage architecture wells are a reality, provided as a result of the development of new technologies. Contributions are specifically a result of three key technical innovations. P. 869^
- Europe > Netherlands > Rijswijk License > Rotterdam Field > IJsselmonde Sandstone Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Netherlands > Rijswijk License > Rotterdam Field > Holland Greensand Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Netherlands > Rijswijk License > Rotterdam Field > De Lier Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Netherlands > Rijswijk License > Rotterdam Field > Alblasserdam Formation (0.99)