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The SWCT test for Sor uses only one well and involves the injection and back production of water carrying chemical tracers. A typical target interval for SWCT testing is shown inFigure 1. The candidate well should be completed only to the watered-out zone of interest (zone atSor). The water used normally is from the formation to be tested, and often is collected during the initial setup for the test.
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.41)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.41)
The first SWCT test for Sor was run in the East Texas Field in 1968.[1] Patent rights were issued in 1971.[2] Since then, numerous oil companies have used the SWCT method.[3][4][5][6][7] More than 400 SWCT tests have been carried out, mainly to measureSor after waterflooding. The SWCT method has gained considerable recognition over the past few years because of increasing interest in the quantitative measurement ofSor. Some experts[8][9] consider the SWCT test to be the method of choice because of its demonstrated accuracy and reasonable cost.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > United States > Alaska > North Slope Borough > Prudhoe Bay (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas > East Texas Salt Basin > East Texas Field > Woodbine Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eugene Island > Block 193 > Bay St. Elaine Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > California > West Coyote Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Selecting the appropriate tracer, and understanding the information gathered during awell to well tracer test requires consideration of how various tracers interact with, and therefore flow, through reservoir rock. When tracers are flowing in the reservoirs, it is normally a requirement that the compounds follow the phase they are going to trace. The best example of a passive water tracer is tritiated water (HTO). The HTO will, in all practical aspects, follow the water phase. For gas tracers, there are no known passive tracers.
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Abstract Understanding interwell connectivity is crucial for EOR decision making. In 1990, K.N Wood et al proposed a method to evaluate the interwell Residual Oil using a reactive tracer and a non-partition tracer. A decade later in 2001 (Joseph Tang, 2001), Joseph Tang et al proposed a method to identify the single well near bore residual oil saturation by puff and huff approach in a single well carbonate reservoir. Today the interwell connectivity is still under research. The objective of this paper is to propose latest study to evaluate interwell connectivity through two or more partitioning tracers to estimate the breakthrough, pore volume, sweeping channel geometry, high permeability channel, residual oil saturation, etc Thanks to the new development in tracer technologies, today we can use two distinctive tracers to pump through injection well and collect tracers produced in all production wells. The different partition coefficients for two tracers can reveal the lag factor for the sweeping channel and further derive the statistical channel breakthrough time, pore volume, geometry, tortuosity and residual oil saturation. The theory, derivation and applications of the concepts are described in this paper. Based on the analysis, sweeping channels statistical information can be calculated by a simple mathematical expression of the ratio of two distinctive tracer mass produced from production wells, the ratio of two tracer dynamic partitioning coefficients and the ratio of two injected tracer mass. With this information, operator can investigate a compartmentalization in the field to optimize flooding plan. One 9-piont injection well grid were analyzed, and results are shown in this paper. Those results are important input to operators' reservoir model. It revealed the major sweeping channels and azimuths, the major residual oil channel and their azimuths, the possible tortuous channels and their azimuths which gives operator a direction of where the residual oil resides and how easy or difficult it can be recovered in tertiary oil production. This new theory analyzes sweeping channel statistical information from produced masses of two distinctively partitioning tracers, which follows a rigorous mathematical derivation and setup a volume factor equation relating to produced masses of two partitioning tracers. The partitioning coefficient is also modified by a dynamic factor to better simulate the moving partition in channel rather than the static partitioning between brine and oil.
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Asia (0.67)
Abstract This paper presents the first results of an ongoing experimental work at IFE for developing new tracers to be used for estimation of remaining oil saturation. The methodology is based on the chromatographic theory, which states that various components flowing through porous media will be delayed according to their partition coefficient to the immobile phase. Two experiments, one with gas tracers and the other with water tracers, are presented here, demonstrating the applicability of the methodology in the laboratory scale. Moreover, a numerical model (ITRC-SIM module) developed at IFE especially for simulating the tracer flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs is validated against the experimental data and used to demonstrate the use of tracers in small and field scale generic cases. Introduction Tracers are inert chemical compounds widely used to improve the description of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs. Water tracers are divided into two categories: the ideal (or passive) tracers, which always follow the aqueous phase, and the partitioning tracers, which partition between the aqueous and the oil phase. Ideal tracers are used mainly in interwell tracer tests in order to obtain information about the flow patterns and to establish the velocity field and the well continuity. The tracer data can also be used to upgrade a reservoir modelPartitioning tracers, which are the subject of this paper, are used in hydrocarbon reservoirs in both single well tracer tests and inter-well tracer tests to estimate the residual oil saturation usually prior to enhanced oil recovery applications The gas tracers are always partitioning between the oil and gas phases. The most commonly applied water tracers are tritiated water (HTO), thiocyanade and some mono fluoro benzoic acids. The most commonly used gas tracers are tritiated methane, SF6 and several perfluorocarbons with low partitioning to oil phase. In this paper, the first results of an experimental evaluation of new gas and water partitioning tracers for the estimation of remaining oil saturation in hydrocarbon reservoirs are presented. A numerical model, (ITRC-SIM) built with advanced physical and numerical features, has been developed and validated against the experimental data. Finally, the application of partitioning tracers in oil reservoirs is discussed in small and field scale generic cases. Partitioning Tracers for Estimation of Residual Oil Saturation When ideal and partitioning water tracers are injected simultaneously in an oil reservoir, the ideal tracers will flow only in the water phase adopting the velocity of this phase. On the other hand, the molecules of the partitioning tracers are moving back and forth between the water and oil phase. Consequently the partitioning tracer molecules are flowing with the water velocity when they are in the water phase and the oil velocity when they are in the oil phase. As a result of this chromatographic effect there is a net time delay on the arrival of the partitioning tracers at the production well compared with the arrival time of the ideal tracers. This time delay depends on the partitioning coefficients (which can be measured in the laboratory) and the oil saturation. The same methodology can be applied in a gas-oil system with the use of two gas tracers with different partitioning coefficients.
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.54)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.41)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > East Shetland Basin > PL 375 > Block 34/7 > Snorre Field > Statfjord Group (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > East Shetland Basin > PL 375 > Block 34/7 > Snorre Field > Lunde Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > East Shetland Basin > PL 375 > Block 34/4 > Snorre Field > Statfjord Group (0.99)
- (9 more...)