Layer | Fill | Outline |
---|
Map layers
Theme | Visible | Selectable | Appearance | Zoom Range (now: 0) |
---|
Fill | Stroke |
---|---|
Collaborating Authors
A fiber loop provided by applied technology - software, what began as an experiment to Phonoscope of Houston provides connectivity to test the feasibility of SDT has now gone into operational mode. WesternGeco's main processing center, and transmitted data is The main goals of the feasibility experiment were to available via FTP from Las Cruces by WesternGeco technical successfully install the SeismicStar equipment on one of staff. Western's multi-streamer 3-D seismic vessels (see figure 1) operating in deep water offshore Brazil, transmit daily seismic The TDRS fleet and the NASA available capacity is more than production to WesternGeco's Houston processing center, and large enough for the entire seismic market. SDI is committed to observe the benefits from having this data at the processing the delivery of daily seismic production from anywhere in the center as it is acquired.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.52)
Introduction Concerns about diacetyl and related flavorings have spread from the microwave popcorn industry to new areas, such as coffee processing. The CDC published a report on the health effects of chemicals produced during coffee processing, that stated, "Roasting coffee beans naturally produces diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. Volatile organic compounds, including alpha-diketones (e.g, diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione), can be released during grinding of coffee.". The CDC also reported that exposures to these chemicals at certain levels may result in reduced lung function, severe fixed obstructive lung disease, and an irreversible, and sometimes fatal, lung disease, obliterative bronchiolitis. After five cases of former workers of a coffee processing facility that roasted, ground, and flavored coffee were identified in 2012, additional studies were undertaken based on worker concerns. In August 2015, the American Journal of Industrial Medicine reported several other cases in the coffee processing industry, leading to the need for evaluation of work places beyond the microwave popcorn and flavoring industries, where concerns about these chemicals first arose. Workers may be exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione during several phases of coffee processing, including grinding, roasting, flavoring, and packing. One study measured the highest exposures in the flavoring and grinding of unflavored coffee. Other industries with fermentation and pyrolysis products can also generate diacetyl exposures, such as in the manufacture of beer, wine, and dairy products. As these relationships illustrate, this is clearly an area where medical and scientific knowledge is evolving. Source material includes numerous points made by government agencies or regulators (such as NIOSH, CDC, OSHA, etc.), and the science at this point is likely incomplete or subject to change. Employers facing issues related to flavoring-type exposures during coffee processing, such as diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, need to be aware of, and follow, all applicable regulations for their specific circumstances.
Abstract The State of Hawaii is the only local jurisdiction in the United States with a Manganese Nodule Program. The goal of the Program is to attract to Hawaii a manganese nodule processing industry which is environmentally sound, socially acceptable, and economically beneficial to the people of Hawaii.. Program elements include industry interaction, public information, and impact assessment. The infrastructure study is designed to assess industry needs, the infrastructure available in Hawaii, and gaps which may need to be filled. Two manganese nodule mining consortia have already rated Hawaii as a prime contender as a processing site. A Brief History Of The Program The State of Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development (DPED) and the University of Hawaii have been interested in manganese nodules for the past ten years. One example of early intergovernmental cooperation was the convocation of a workshop on Manganese Nodule Deposits in the Pacific, ll held in Honolulu in October 1972.1 This workshop was sponsored by the DPED, the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, the State Marine Affairs Coordinator, and the Office of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration. The potential of a manganese nodule industry was pointed out in Hawaii and the Sea-1974, published by the DPED.2 In that report, the Governor's Advisory Committee on Science and Technology recommended that the DPED write a report which would look at the total mining industry system, investigate and evaluate alternative processes and sites which might be used by onshore manganese nodule processing plants, and discuss plans and processes with the major mining companies. In 1975 the Legislature provided funding to begin 'a manganese nodule program designed to assess the potential of a nodule processing industry in Hawaii. A study group of consultants from the University of Hawaii was hired and research began in March, 1977. In September, 1977, while research was in progress, a representative of Kennecott Copper Corporation visited Hawaii and at a press conference rated the Island of Hawaii as a prime contender for a processing site.3 The study group report, The Feasibility and Potential Impact of Manganese Nodule Processing in Hawaii,4 was published in February, 1978. In the Spring of 1978, representatives of Ocean Minerals Company (OMCO) visited the State, and in September announced that OMCO would build an Equipment Test Unit (ETU) at Campbell Industrial Park on Oahu. The plant was estimated to cost $4 million, and was expected to employ a dozen people for three to five years, processing 50 dry-weight metric tons of nodules per day at an annual operating cost of $1 million. The ETU was to be smaller than a pilot plant, since it was designed only to test the processing equipment. Plans for construction of this plant have been delayed indefinitely, due to the uncertainty of the international law of the sea. In the interim, OMCO has continued to refine the processing methodology which would be tested at an ETU.
- Materials > Metals & Mining (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
Coherency filtering is a tool used commonly in 2-D seismic processing to isolate desired events from noisy data. It assumes that phasecoherent signal can be separated from background incoherent noise on the basis of coherency estimates, and coherent noise from coherent signal on the basis of different dips. It is achieved by searching for the maximum coherence direction for each data point of a seismic event and enhancing the event along this direction through stacking; it suppresses the incoherent events along other directions. Foundations for a 2-D coherency filtering algorithm were laid out by several researchers Neidell and Taner, 1971; McMechan, 1983; Leven and RoyChowdhury, 1984; Kong et al., 1985; Milkereit and Spencer, 1989. Milkereit and Spencer 1989 have applied 2-D coherency filtering successfully to 2-D deep crustal seismic data for the improvement of visualization and interpretation. Work on random noise attenuation using frequencyspace or timespace prediction filters both in two or three dimensions to increase the signaltonoise ratio of the data can be found in geophysical literature Canales, 1984; Hornbostel, 1991; Abma and Claerbout, 1995.
To cater to the seasonal highs and lows in demand throughout a year, natural gas is stored in underground storage facilities. The need for such facilities arose because increasing (or decreasing) gas production to mirror changes in demand is neither practical nor economical. Therefore, gas is produced and stored during low-demand times and retrieved to meet the highs during winters. This cyclic trend can be observed also in gas-storage inventories [as reported by the Energy Information Administration (EIA)]. The northeast US has the highest concentration of such storage facilities, close to the biggest market.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait (0.21)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)