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This paper was prepared for presentation at the 47th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 8–11, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by who the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract A natural gas pipeline system is herein defined as an arrangement of pipeline and compressor stations connected in some arbitrary manner so as to permit the steady-state flow of gas from one or more points of supply to on or more points of delivery. A network is code in nodal notation to provide the description of the existing facilities (pipelines and compressors). The network thus defined must be of the form of a tree, i.e., the flow rate through each facility is known. Pipelines operating in parallel with each other, having common endpoint pressures are permitted. At each source of supply, the available flow rate and a maximum available pressure are known. At each point of delivery, except the terminal, the flow rate and the minimum delivery pressure are known. The pressure at the pressure are known. The pressure at the terminal is constant, and the flow rate at the terminal is calculated from material balance and fuel considerations. The objective of optimization is to minimize the annual cost of owning and operating the facilities required to transport gas through the system. If the existing facilities are adequate, the sum of the annual costs to operate the existing facilities is minimized, i.e., previous sunk, fixed costs are constant and ignored. If the existing facilities are inadequate, new facilities are added to the system in such a manner that the sum of the annual costs of owning and operating the new facilities plus the operating cost of the existing facilities is minimal. A form of dynamic programming is used as the optimizer. Introduction The design of natural gas pipelines systems requires that a set of pipeline facilities be selected that will permit the flow of gas from points of supply to points of demand. In points of supply to points of demand. In general, there are many solutions (sets of facilities), each of which will satisfy or solve the design problem of interest. The engineer, having defined the design problem, usually employs the following procedure in his effort to develop a solution:assume a set of independent variables and assign these values, solve the appropriate set of equations for values of the dependent variables, determine if the resultant solution is feasible, i.e., all restraints are satisfied, and perhaps estimate the cost of All required facilities, either accept the solution or revalue one or more of the independent variables and repeat Steps 2 through 4. Computer programs have been written that mechanize the computational and data processing aspects of the problem.
ABSTRACT A pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) has been a versatile tool for the maintenance of a long pipeline. However, speed excursions in a low-pressure gas pipeline may damage the pig or the pipe. Due to the gas compressibility, significant speed excursions may occur during the start of the pig inflow pressure gas pipeline. This work presents the numerical model to simulate the behavior of the pig in a low pressure gas pipeline. In this model, the transient gas flow equations are solved by method of characteristics (MOC), and then the Runge-Kuta method is used for solving the dynamic equation of the pig. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of main variables on speed excursions. The obtained results were compared to those for the commercial simulation tool, OLGA. The results show the static friction and pressure has a significant impact on the speed excursion, while the flow rate has a slight impact on it. INTRODUCTION Pipeline pigging is considered as the common way to inspect and maintain an oil and gas pipeline system. In a high pressure pipeline, the pressure creates enough force for the PIG to run inside the pipeline, allowing the pig to perform the inspection mostly successfully. However, there is not enough force to push the pig in the low pressure pipeline, and cause a speed excursion which is repetitive movements that PIG stops and restart at high speed. This phenomenon is called "stick-slip motion", which often occurs in a certain pipeline configuration, such as pipe diameter changes, curved pipes, and PIG start locations (Hendrix et al 2018). The speed excursion of the pig can damage the pipe and pig, and can lead to dangers of pipe breakage. This especially likely when the fluid in a pipeline is gas, the speed excursion would occur more often due to the compressibility of the gas. Hence, the estimation and prevention of_ speed excursions is essential.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.35)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.35)
US LNG natural gas exporter Cheniere Energy and Austin-based WhiteWater Midstream said 19 September that they will proceed with construction of the ADCC Pipeline. The ADCC Pipeline is designed to transport up to 1.7 Bcf/D of natural gas, expandable to 2.5 Bcf/D of natural gas. Pending the receipt of customary regulatory and other approvals, the pipeline is expected to be in service in 2024. The Whistler Pipeline is a 450-mile, 42-in. WhiteWater and MPLX, a joint venture between Stonepeak and West Texas Gas, announced on 2 May its Whistler Pipeline Capacity Expansion.
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (22 more...)
Abstract This study aims to contribute to industry discussion on gas utilization opportunities available to Ghana. Specifically, it will analyze Ghana's existing natural gas plans. i.e., the Gas Master Plan analyze possible opportunities and associated challenges and finally propose sources of finance for gas sector projects. In order to discover opportunities of natural gas utilization as well as challenges that come in the course of implementation, data was sourced from secondary sources as well. Benchmarking was also done using the natural gas journeys of three (3) case study countries: Nigeria, China, and the United Kingdom and a comparative analysis compared their natural gas journeys in terms of policy direction, natural gas utilization, infrastructure development and challenges encountered vis a vis the natural gas journey of Ghana. The analysis showed that various opportunities existed for natural gas utilization in the areas of industrial power generation, LNG export, CNG, Fertilizer and bauxite production. Various challenges such as lack of human and technical capacity, sector debt, regulatory issues, pricing issues, security of supply and others plagued most natural gas economies. These findings suggest that an ‘armory’ of opportunities exist for natural gas utilization in Ghana. However, the implementation of these utilization options is contingent on the development of proper policy instruments and extensive investment in infrastructure. The country should also be conscious of bottlenecks that may hinder natural gas utilization efforts.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Oceania > Australia > Western Australia > North West Shelf > Carnarvon Basin > North West Shelf > North West Shelf Project (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Atwater Valley > Block 349 > Jubilee Field (0.99)
- Africa > Ghana > Gulf of Guinea > Tano Basin > West Cape Three Points Block > Jubilee Field (0.99)
- (13 more...)
ABSTRACT: The Marmara-Bosphorus junction is a part of the Mediterranean-Aegean-Dardanelles-MarmaraBosphorus- Black Sea system through which the exchange of the water between Mediterranean and Black Sea takes place. Here, it has been installed a submarine pipeline as a part of a Hamidabad natural gas pipeline system transporting the Siberian gas of former USSR to AnkaraTurkiye. Institute of Marine Science and Technology of Dokuz Eylul University, tzmir, Turkiye has conducted comprehensive oceanographical measurement campaigns to assess the design parameters of this submarine pipeline in cooperation with Snamprogetti, Italy. This paper explains the studies conducted to understand the complex hydrodynamical regime of the Marmara-Bosphorus junction and the methodology adopted in the selection of the pertinent design parameters of the above mentioned pipeline system. INTRODUCTION The Marmara-Bosphorus junction (hereafter called BMJ area) is a part of the MediterraneanAegean- Dardanelles-Marmara-Bosphorus system through which 1:he exchange of water between Mediterranean and Black Sea takes place (Fig. 1). The Sea of Marmara is a relatively small inter-continental basin with a surface area of 11500 kIn2 and a volume of 3378 kInJ. It is connected to the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea through the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles, respectively. The Bosphorus is nearly 31 k/n in length, and its width varies between 0.7–3.5 kIn, with a mean depth of 35 m and a maximum depth of 110 m. The narrowest width occurs at about 12 kIn north of the southern end. The strong density stratification between incoming heavy Mediterranean water and the outgoing lighter Black Sea water, the presence of the Bosphorus Strait and the complex interactions between the adjacent basins, all contribute towards setting up a complex two layer flow regime in the BMJ area which has only recently begun to be understood.
- Europe (0.88)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey (0.68)
- Europe > Russia > Black Sea Basin (0.89)
- Europe > Middle East > Malta > Mediterranean Sea (0.89)