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Facies classification of image logs plays a vital role in reservoir characterization, especially in the heterogeneous and anisotropic carbonate formations of the Brazilian pre-salt region. Although manual classification remains the industry standard for handling the complexity and diversity of image logs, it has notable disadvantages of being time-consuming, labor-intensive, subjective, and non-repeatable. Recent advancements in machine learning offer promising solutions for automation and acceleration. However, previous attempts to train deep neural networks for facies identification have struggled to generalize to new data due to insufficient labeled data and the inherent intricacy of image logs. Additionally, human errors in manual labels further hinder the performance of trained models. To overcome these challenges, we propose adopting the state-of-the-art SwinV2-Unet to provide depthwise facies classification for Brazilian pre-salt acoustic image logs. The training process incorporates transfer learning to mitigate overfitting and confident learning to address label errors. Through a k-fold cross-validation experiment, with each fold spanning over 350 meters, we achieve an impressive macro F1 score of 0.90 for out-of-sample predictions. This significantly surpasses the previous model modified from the widely recognized U-Net, which provides a macro F1 score of 0.68. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the employed enhancements, including the adoption of an improved neural network and an enhanced training strategy. Moreover, our SwinV2-Unet enables highly efficient and accurate facies analysis of the complex yet informative image logs, significantly advancing our understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs, saving human effort, and improving productivity.
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.67)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Borehole imaging and wellbore seismic (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Adaptive laterally constrained inversion of time-domain electromagnetic data using Hierarchical Bayes
Li, Hai (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences) | Di, Qingyun (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences) | Li, Keying (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Laterally constrained inversion (LCI) of time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data is effective in recovering quasi-layered models, particularly in sedimentary environments. By incorporating lateral constraints, LCI enhances the stability of the inverse problem and improves the resolution of stratified interfaces. However, a limitation of the LCI is the recovery of laterally smooth transitions, even in regions unsupported by the available datasets. Therefore, we have developed an adaptive LCI scheme within a Bayesian framework. Our approach introduces user-defined constraints through a multivariate Gaussian prior, where the variances serve as hyperparameters in a Hierarchical Bayes algorithm. By simultaneously sampling the model parameters and hyperparameters, our scheme allows for varying constraints throughout the model space, selectively preserving lateral constraints that align with the available datasets. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our adaptive LCI scheme through a synthetic example. The inversion results showcase the self-adaptive nature of the strength of constraints, yielding models with smooth lateral transitions while accurately retaining sharp lateral interfaces. An application to field TEM data collected in Laizhou, China, supports the findings from the synthetic example. The adaptive LCI scheme successfully images quasi-layered environments and formations with well-defined lateral interfaces. Moreover, the Bayesian inversion provides a measure of uncertainty, allowing for a comprehensive illustration of the confidence in the inversion results.
- Geology > Mineral (0.93)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.34)
- Oceania > Australia > Western Australia > North West Shelf > Carnarvon Basin > Exmouth Plateau > WA-1-R > Scarborough Field (0.99)
- Europe > Norway (0.91)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > Evaluation of uncertainties (0.93)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (0.79)
- (2 more...)
Power-law frequency-dependent Q simulations in viscoacoustic media using decoupled fractional Laplacians
Zhang, Yabing (China University of Mining and Technology) | Zhu, Hejun (The University of Texas at Dallas) | Liu, Yang (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Chen, Tongjun (China University of Mining and Technology)
Quantifying seismic attenuation of wave propagation in the Earths interior is essential for studying subsurface structures. Previous approaches for attenuation simulations (e.g., the standard linear solid and the fractional derivative model) are mainly based on the frequency-independent quality factor Q assumption. However, seismic attenuation in high-temperature and high-pressure regions usually exhibits power-law frequency-dependent Q characteristics. To simulate this Q effect in attenuative media, we derive a new viscoacoustic wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians in the time domain. Unlike the existing methods using relaxation functions to fit the power-law relationship in a specific frequency band, our proposed equation is directly derived from the approximated complex modulus, which explicitly involves the reference quality factor and fractional exponent parameters. Furthermore, this equation contains two fractional Laplacians, which can easily simulate decoupled amplitude dissipation and phase distortion effects, making it amenable to Q-compensated reverse-time migration. In the implementation, a Taylor-series expansion and a pseudo-spectral method are introduced to solve the fractional Laplacians with variable fractional exponents. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for power-law frequency-dependent Q simulations. As a forward-modeling engine, our derived viscoacoustic wave equation is a good supplement to the current Q simulation methods and it could be applied in many seismic applications, including Q-compensated reverse time migration and full-waveform inversion.
Distributed acoustic sensing for seismic surface wave data acquisition in an intertidal environment
Trafford, Andrew (University College Dublin) | Ellwood, Robert (Optasense Limited, QinetiQ) | Godfrey, Alastair (Optasense Limited, Indeximate Limited) | Minto, Christopher (Optasense Limited, Indeximate Limited) | Donohue, Shane (University College Dublin)
This paper assesses the use of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for shallow marine seismic investigations, in particular the collection of seismic surface wave data, in an intertidal setting. The paper considers appropriate selection and directional sensitivity of fiber optic cables and validates the measured data with respect to conventional seismic data acquisition approaches ,using geophones and hydrophones, along with independent borehole and Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) data. In terms of cable selection, a reduction of amplitude and frequency response of an armored cable is observed, when compared to an unarmored cable. For seismic surface wave surveys in an offshore environment where the cable would need to withstand significant stresses, the use of the armored variant with limited loss in frequency response may be acceptable, from a practical perspective. The DAS approach has also shown good consistency with conventional means of surface wave data acquisition, and the inverted Vs is also very consistent with downhole SCPT data. Observed differences in phase velocity between high tide (Scholte wave propagation) and low tide (Rayleigh wave propagation) are not thought to be related to the particular type of interface wave due to shallow water depth. These differences are more likely to be related to the development of capillary forces in the partially saturated granular medium at low tide. Overall, this study demonstrates that the proposed novel approach of DAS using seabed fiber-optic cables in the intertidal environment is capable of rapidly providing near-surface shear wave velocity data across considerable spatial scales (multi-km) at high resolution, beneficial for the design of subsea cables routes and landfall locations. The associated reduction in deployment and survey duration, when compared to conventional approaches, is particularly important when working in the marine environment due to potentially short weather windows and expensive downtime.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > Illinois > Madison County (0.24)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.68)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.54)
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The course will provide the participant with an improved understanding of well intervention equipment, using historic and the new suite of API well intervention documents. Develop an understanding of equipment both legacy and new design. Address common subsea intervention industry questions with respect to Barrier requirements Capacities and Load cases Legacy vs. New Build - Is it fit-for-purpose? Barrier requirements Capacities and Load cases Legacy vs. New Build - Is it fit-for-purpose? Engineers who are users of subsea well intervention equipment, facilities and drilling engineers who enable hardware integration, and production engineers responsible for choosing appropriate operations to solve a subsea well issue.
This 1-day course provides participants with a background review of subsea production control systems and specific knowledge of Intervention Work-Over Control Systems (IWOCS) as they interact with subsea productions systems. This is followed by an interactive class discussion of operations scenarios, illustrating IWOCS usage and some situational challenges encountered during subsea hardware installation and well interventions. This course will give you a better understanding of how IWOCS differs from other control systems, how its tailored to hardware installation and well intervention work, and better understand the operating philosophies behind well control and well integrity. Laptop or Smart phone for Downloading the app for Poll Everywhere Participants should have some exposure to topic. Moderate experience or exposure to the topic will be a plus for the case study scenario session.
This course provides an overview of use/application of TR14 for intervention operations, and basic understanding of fatigue terminology and applications for intervention operations. Key considerations with relation to SS intervention: Common industry questions and Build a Client level understanding of Riser Analysis process Load cases and load classifications How the Analysis outputs are used to develop Well Specific Operating Guidelines Exercise – Develop operating envelopes and watch circles. Exercise – Develop operating envelopes and watch circles. Engineers who are users of subsea well intervention equipment during the design and operation, facilities, drilling and completions engineers who enable hardware integration, and production engineers responsible for choosing appropriate operations to solve a subsea well issue. All cancellations must be received no later than 14 days prior to the course start date.