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Collaborating Authors
Malaieri, Mohammadreza
Flow Assurance Management in Geothermal Production Wells
Matoorian, Raya (University of Calgary) | Malaieri, Mohammadreza (University of Calgary)
Abstract Flow assurance ensures that geothermal fluids (hot water and steam) flow properly in a pipe or well and are transferred to a power plant safely and cost-effectively. Inorganic deposition (scales) is regarded as the primary issue in geothermal fluid flow, and a reliable controlling strategy to predict and prevent scaling is essential. We introduced a practical scale integrity management strategy to predict and prevent scaling in the flowline to achieve this goal. Thermochemical modeling is the primary predictive model to predict why, where, and when scaling will occur. Then two treatment approaches (chemical and non-chemical) are investigated to prevent and treat scaling. What-if analysis is extensively applied to propose an economic plan. Due to the inability of laboratory research to replicate the extreme pressures and temperatures of geothermal wells, experts do not know precisely when and how minerals dissolve down in the well and are unable to offer regulating recommendations. Therefore, an efficient scale integrity management plan must be implemented. Simulation tools play a significant part in the development of flow assurance, as they provide a consistent framework for testing various what-if scenarios and aid in making the best operational solution. Injecting chemicals is not always economical to control scaling in geothermal operation due to the cost and inefficiency in high-pressure and high-temperature situations in these wells, and the non-chemical approach should be prioritized. Potential non-chemical approaches include sulfate reduction, operating wells outside critical scaling envelopes, reinjecting produced water, and lifting gas injection with more CO2. This research intends to broaden the flow assurance concept in geothermal wells by analyzing the impediments and treatments from wells to the surface facilities.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.93)
- North America > Canada > Alberta (0.28)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (0.46)
- Geology > Mineral > Sulfate (0.36)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Energy Engineering > Geothermal Production (0.40)
Abstract Quick and reliable forecasting of production data is still challenging in unconventional plays, even with the variety of modifications proposed to Arps decline curve analysis (DCA). Machine learning revealed promising results when enough samples were accessible to train and validate the predictive model. However, this black-box model is inaccurate for unseen samples, challenging to generalize, and requires too much data. We attempted to present an alternative procedure to solve this problem —a fast and reliable method outperforming current approaches. In this study, we implemented univariate and multivariate times series analysis (TSA) to forecast production rate in the different scales (wellbore, field, and pad scales) where DCA failed to provide an appropriate fit beforehand. TSA is straightforward and enables recognition of the pattern in observation samples. Cyclic fluctuation due to seasonal changes in price and operational hours can be detected and indirectly considered in time series models like ETS (Exponential Smoothing) and ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integration Moving Average). However, for the direct considerations of these critical parameters, Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) models have the flexibility and ability to be configured with multiple variables and can capture more complexities. This simple and quick procedure applies on any scale from the wellbore to the field scales. To evaluate the performance, the TSA method has been applied and tested on data from the Duvernay shale in Western Canada. On the wellbore scale, modified DCA models forecast production rate with over/underestimation, even where enough observations are available, and if the well has shown a declining trend in the production. In the same wells, TSA provides a better fit and outperforms the DCA. In the field and pad scales, DCA could not draw a fitting model as production had a growing trend due to ongoing field developments. In contrast, TSA could realize the trend in the production data and successfully create the forecasting model. Price and production hours were added to the time series model as influential features on production. The model could forecast all the parameters simultaneously. In sum, TSA is a reliable and flexible alternative for DCA and can be implemented on production data in any scale.
- North America > United States (0.93)
- North America > Trinidad and Tobago > Trinidad > Arima > Arima (0.29)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Yellowhead County (0.28)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.35)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Shale Play (0.34)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Pine Creek Field > Leduc Formation > Leduc D-3 Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Willesden Green Field > Duvernay Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Willesden Green Field > Cardium Formation (0.99)
- (5 more...)
A New Approach for Geomechanical Evaluations with Modified Pickett Plots
Malaieri, Mohammadreza (Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary) | Matoorian, Raya (Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary) | Aguilera, Roberto (Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary)
Abstract A Pickett plot is a powerful graphical technique for petrophysical analysis of well logs, which was developed initially to represent Archie's equation visually. Pickett plots rely on pattern recognition on a log-log scale observable on a set of porosities and the corresponding true resistivities taken from well logs. The analyses of these plots have been used in the past, primarily for the determination of water saturation. However, throughout the past years, Pickett plots have been extended and modified for the evaluation of other reservoir parameters of interest, such as permeability, process/delivery speed, bulk volume water, and pore throat apertures. In some recent works, applications of the Pickett plot have been extended from representing only a snapshot on time to describing and explaining several millions of years of burial, compaction, maturation trajectories, and petroleum generation. The word ‘petroleum’ as used in this paper includes oil, gas, and natural gas liquids. In this study, the Pickett plot has been modified and extended to include geomechanical parameters such as Vp/Vs, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, Shear modulus, bulk modulus, friction angle and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS). A better understanding of these parameters helps to minimize risks associated with drilling, stimulation, and wellbore stability problems. Geomechanical characterization is vital to understand fracture creation and propagation. Hydraulic fractures are more likely to be generated in brittle zones with lower tensile strength, lesser Poison's ratio, and higher Young's modulus. Mechanical properties are usually measured in laboratory experiments such as Triaxial Compression Tests carried out on core samples. But cores are not always available for testing; therefore, the original contribution of this paper is the construction of a modified Pickett plot that can help to perform quick and reasonable evaluations of geomechanical properties while at the same time carrying out standard petrophysical analysis of petroleum reservoirs. This type of integrated petrophysical-geomechanical interpretation on a single plot is not currently available in the literature.
- North America > Canada > Alberta (0.46)
- North America > United States > Colorado (0.28)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia (0.28)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Northwest Territories > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Manitoba > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- (2 more...)