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The recent significant influx of large amounts of government incentives for a variety of green initiatives including CCS and CCUS has created a rush to drill and complete CO2 injection wells. However, the necessary corrosion data to make informed choices for corrosion resistance in these wells is minimal at best. Some oil and gas professionals have argued that there is no difference between the more than 40 years of petroleum experience with CO2 EOR and planned CCS wells. This comparison is not a valid one and can be risky considering the need for very long-term containment of CO2 required by regulators. This article presents a comparison between CO2 EOR and CCS for injection well metallurgy and explains why this comparison is invalid.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.33)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Williston Basin > Weyburn Field > Mission Canyon Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Williston Basin > Weyburn Field > Madison Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Williston Basin > Weyburn Field > Forbisher Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Williston Basin > Weyburn Field > Charles Formation:Middale Formation (0.99)
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > CO2 capture and sequestration (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Chemical flooding methods (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Upon completing block fabrication, a deliberate tolerance allowance is retained on the plates to accommodate deformations induced by heat treatment during the transformation from plates to blocks. The alignment process involves aligning the reference points (master reference line) of the blocks on a common axis, facilitating the identification of excess material and deformations. This alignment process encompasses aligning the blocks with each other, employing either a three-dimensional measurement device or manual methods to obtain necessary measurements for determining excess material. In an effort to optimize time spent on block alignment and machine usage, a comprehensive methodology has been developed. This methodology involves determining excess material cuts on the blocks, performing virtual alignment operations using laser scanning techniques in a virtual environment, and conducting the cutting process on the slipway prior to placing the block excesses on it. Keywords: block excesses; scanning techniques; three-dimensional scanning technology 1. Introduction Ship construction consists of main processes including design, planning, cutting, prefabrication, block fabrication, painting, block erection, and outfitting. Workstation (WS) is a terminological concept used to define specific WS within a shipyard or a manufacturing facility. WS represents various stages of the production process, each associated with distinct tasks performed by workers. Each WS signifies a point at which multiple processes in the production line are segregated and reflects different phases of the shipbuilding process. Manuscript received at SNAME headquarters August 16, 2023; accepted December 8, 2023. Each block has its own unique manufacturing methods. The process performance evaluation of block fabrication holds a significant place in the industry (Park et al. 2014). The assembly process, determining the assembly sequence, plays a crucial role in terms of manufacturing cost, time, and quality.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- Shipbuilding (1.00)
This article provides an overview of risk-based measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) for efficient, long-term CO2 storage. MMV is a regulatory requirement to gain and maintain a storage permit (where CCS regulations exist). It delivers the data needed for demonstrating that the injected CO2 behaves as expected and initiates timely corrective measures in the unlikely event of an irregularity. The MMV method is explained including the underlying risk framework and the process is illustrated with some operational examples from the Quest CCS facility operating at the hydrogen manufacturing units of the heavy-oil upgrader at Scotford, Alberta. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical technology solution to achieve net zero ambitions targeted by countries and industry alike.
Effect of flow patterns and velocity field on oil-water two-phase flow rate in horizontal wells
Wu, Yuyan (Yangtze University, Yangtze University) | Guo, Haimin (Yangtze University, Yangtze University) | Deng, Rui (Yangtze University, Yangtze University) | Song, Hongwei (Yangtze University, Yangtze University)
ABSTRACT In a wellbore, any change in flow rate will result in a change in flow pattern and velocity. The flow pattern and velocity are the key parameters that determine the pressure gradient and liquid holdup. To study the effect of the flow pattern and velocity field on the flow rate of oil-water flow in horizontal wells, we apply the commercial software package ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2 to predict the flow patterns, water holdups, pressure gradients, flow rates, and velocity fields of horizontal wells. Trallero’s flow pattern chart and existing experimental data are used to verify the reliability of the model. We develop a simplified mathematical model of water holdup and compare it with existing models. This mathematical model may be limited to the range of fluid properties in the simulated method. The water holdup of the numerical simulation has a definite correlation with the experimental data. By comparing the numerical simulation results of the Nicolas model, the relationship between the slip velocity and water holdup is verified, and the reliability of the simulation results is verified. The simulation results demonstrate that the change in flow pattern is highly sensitive to the change in flow rate. When the flow pattern is stratified flow, the relative error of the simulated flow is small. When the flow pattern is dispersed flow, the relative error of the simulated flow is slightly larger. The oil is mainly concentrated in the high-velocity core area. At a higher total mixing velocity, the flow pattern is that of dispersed flow, with one phase uniformly mixed in the other phase. The simulation results have good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
The lagoon of Venice is the largest in the Mediterranean area, with a unique and fragile ecosystem--a result of its long-term management that dates back to the 14th century, when the Venetians decided to divert the major tributaries (Adige, Bacchiglione, Brenta, Sile, and Piave Rivers) out of the lagoon so that their sediments discharged directly into the sea, reducing the siltation of the lagoon (Gatto and Carbognin, 1981). These monumental hydraulic works, decisive for the splendor of Venice, gave rise to several other variations: subsidence was not compensated by the alluvial deposit, the deepening of the lagoon increased the erosion processes, and the diversion of freshwater caused an increment of the salinization, for example. As a result, a unique lagoon environment developed that, however, cannot survive without constant management. Today, at the three lagoon inlets, another impressive hydraulic initiative, a system of storm surge barriers named Mo.S.E.
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.48)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.34)
Features of Modeling the Load from Hummocks in the Ice Basin
Bekker, Alexander T. (Far East Federal University, Vladivostok) | Anokhin, Pavel V. (Far East Federal University, Vladivostok) | Sabodash, Olga A. (Far East Federal University, Vladivostok) | Nechiporenko, Grigoriy Yu. (Far East Federal University, Vladivostok) | Kornishin, Konstantin A. (Arctic Research Centre, Moscow) | Efimov, Yaroslav O. (Arctic Research Centre, Moscow) | Tarasov, Petr A. (Arctic Research Centre, Moscow) | Demidov, Valentin A. (Arctic LNG 2)
_ This article deals with the modeling of the impact in the ice basin on offshore oil and gas structures (OOGS) from the hummock, the field data of which were studied during Arctic expeditions in the Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea. The ice basin is located in the ice laboratory at the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) in Vladivostok. The room is equipped with a modernized freezer, which allows one to maintain a given temperature regime quickly and in a wide range to control the mode of freezing ice. The ice basin allows for the modeling of hummocks on an acceptable scale. A rectangular steel indenter was used as a model of the structure. Models of hummocks were made according to a specially developed technology. The methodology for conducting model tests in the ice basin included the manufacture of hummock models, testing by introducing an indenter into the body of a hummock model with a given speed, registration of the required parameters of the experiment (contact force, speed of movement of the indenter, geometric dimensions of the hummock model, and physical and mechanical properties of the ice formation model), and photo and video fixation of the process of interaction of the indenter with the model hummock above and below water. A total of eight experiments were conducted. The study was carried out in compliance with the similarity criteria—geometric, kinematic, and dynamic—to recalculate the results from model tests to full-scale values. The results obtained can be used in the analysis of the processes of ice load formation at the OOGS on the shelf of freezing seas.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > California (0.46)
- Asia > Russia > Far Eastern Federal District > Primorsky Krai > Vladivostok (0.24)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.66)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.48)
Eric Didier National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Hydraulics and Environment Department Lisbon, Portugal Paulo R. F. Teixeira Federal University of Rio Grande, Engineering School Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil This study aims to validate a numerical model based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations to simulate the wave-interaction between regular incident waves and the overtopping-type wave energy converter. Results of the overtopping device with two reservoirs in small scale are compared with experiments. The methodology, which includes the use of a hybrid k-shear stress transport turbulence/laminar model, achieves good results, especially considering the difficulties of numerical models to reproduce overtopping because of the complexity of involved phenomena. Water wave energy has great potential to contribute significantly with this type of energy source. However, technical difficulties, such as high capital and maintenance costs, low efficiency, and structural risks as a result of storms, still restrict its use to some prototypes. Many approaches have been developed to overcome these challenges.
- North America > United States (0.46)
- Europe > Portugal > Lisbon > Lisbon (0.34)
- South America > Brazil > Rio Grande do Sul (0.24)
Numerical Analysis of Cryogenic H2 Flows Based on a Particle-Cluster Method
Baeten, André (Technical University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg) | Baeten, Somayeh (Technical University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg) | Reitenberger, Johannes (Technical University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg) | Bersiner, Paul (Technical University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg)
The first technical use of cryogenic hydrogen was for high performance space launch systems in the 1960s and is still being employed. Moran et al. (1994) investigate an experimental test setup and the way sloshing tests are performed for liquid hydrogen. Sloshing of cryogenic liquids in partially filled tanks is a complex physical process. It covers phenomena like wave propagation and liquid-structure interaction (Yamamoto et al., 1995). Sloshing of liquid gases encounters specific problems like phase transition and non-Newtonian fluid behavior.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.28)
- Well Drilling (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Fluid modeling, equations of state (0.68)
Real-time Wave-Prediction Method at Arbitrary Locations Using Data Assimilation and Convolutional Neural Networks
Ozaki, Shinichiro (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) | Ide, Yoshihiko (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) | Yamashiro, Masaru (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) | Kodama, Mitsuyoshi (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) | Kotoura, Tsuyoshi (Penta-Ocean Construction Institute of Technology, Tokyo) | Hashimoto, Noriaki (Coastal Development Institute of Technology (CDIT), Tokyo)
_ Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been implemented for the rapid prediction of ocean waves from meteorological data. However, CNNs cannot predict waves at locations other than the observation points because they require observed-wave data for training. This problem can be solved by creating spatially accurate training data using a data assimilation (DA) method for observed data and numerical simulation results. By using the optimal interpolation method, a data assimilation method, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was reduced by 30 cm at Hitachinaka and Tsuruga. We constructed CNNs for wave predictions at arbitrary locations and confirmed a positive correlation between the accuracy of DA and the prediction accuracy of the CNNs. When actual wind data were fed to the CNNs and the numerical model for wave prediction, the RMSE of the CNNs was 10 cm smaller than that of the numerical model, and the prediction was done with low computational cost. Furthermore, when 11-days-ahead forecast winds were provided to the CNNs, the wave-forecasting error increased, with the wind error owing to an increase in the forecasting period, and the wind-derived error of predicting wave heights accounted for 20% of the error in terms of RMSE.
Numerical Simulation Study of Hydrogen Storage in the T Gasfield in Ordos Basin
Dong, Zhenzhen (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Wei, Xin (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Zou, Lu (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Yang, Zhanrong (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Hou, Bingcheng (Xi’an Shiyou University) | hou, Tong (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Li, Weirong (Xi’an Shiyou University) | Lin, Keze (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Yi, Hongliang (Liaohe Oilfield) | Liu, Zhilong (EnerTech-Drilling & Production Co., CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited)
Abstract In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the share of renewable energy sources, posing a challenge for the energy sector in effectively storing large quantities of electrical energy. The majority of electricity generated is utilized directly for various purposes, while a portion of it is also allocated for the production of hydrogen. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) has emerged as a promising technology for addressing this issue and optimizing the utilization of energy resources. This research paper focuses on the numerical simulations of hydrogen storage in the T gasfield, located in the Ordos basin, China. The study begins by developing a geological model based on data from the T gas reservoir, along with a comprehensive PVT fluid model that accounts for H2, methane, and other gases. The paper thoroughly explores several factors, including the timing of hydrogen injection, injection rate, injection-production cycle, type of cushion gas, and molecular diffusion, to investigate their impact on hydrogen storage and recovery. The simulation results prove that depleted gas reservoirs are a relatively ideal option for UHS, and the final hydrogen recovery can reach 92.15%. Highlight the significant influence of remaining gas saturation (timing of hydrogen injection) and type of cushion gas on the purity and ultimate recovery of hydrogen. N2 as cushion gas can increasing hydrogen recovery. Furthermore, the study reveals that molecular diffusion consumes hydrogen, with a 3.3% impact on hydrogen recovery at a lower injection rate. Optimizing injection rates and injection-production cycles demonstrates the higher the injection rate, the lower the hydrogen recovery, and the injection-production cycles has little effect on the hydrogen recovery. Overall, this study sheds light on important parameters and considerations involved in underground hydrogen storage in depleted gas fields. It provides valuable insights that can contribute to the advancement and practical application of this technology.
- Asia > China > Shaanxi Province (0.71)
- Asia > China > Shanxi Province (0.61)
- Asia > China > Gansu Province (0.61)
- Asia > China > Shanxi > Ordos Basin (0.99)
- Asia > China > Shaanxi > Ordos Basin (0.99)
- Asia > China > Liaoning > Bohai Basin > Liaohe Basin > Liaohe Field (0.99)
- (4 more...)