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ABSTRACT Imaging with seismic data is typically carried out under the assumption of single scattering. Here we illustrate a theory that includes multiply scattered waves in the imaging process. We estimate artifacts in the image caused by internal multiples rather than estimating the multiples themselves in the data. The theory behind this approach comes from a series derived from the Lippmann-Schwinger equation and the Bremmer coupling series. From this theory two images are formed, one with all the data and the other with the estimated artifacts from first-order internal multiples. The construction of the second image requires knowledge of the velocity model to the depth of the up to down reflection in the internal multiple. We illustrate this theory with a synthetic data example and examine the sensitivity of the method to the velocity model.
ABSTRACT With complicated and huge salt bodies as in Gulf of Mexico, ray tomography reaches its limitation due to difficulties in performing raytracing. In this paper we investigate a strategy in which ray tomography and wave equation migration velocity analysis are integrated to construct velocity models for sub-salt targets. We apply stereotomography to accurately estimate the background sediment velocity which is then used as the initial model for the wave equation migration velocity inversion (WVI) to refine, in particular, the sub-salt images. Our results on the Sigsbee2B synthetic data show that we can significantly improve the quality of the sub-salt images.
- North America > United States (0.50)
- North America > Mexico (0.35)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing > Seismic Migration (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling > Seismic Inversion (0.78)
ABSTRACT We present a 3D Fourier finite-difference depth migration (FFD) method for waves in transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI).The method can accommodate a wide range of anisotropy rather than weak anisotropy. The downward-continuation operator is split into three downward-continuation operators. This method can handle the strong lateral velocity variation. A complex treatment of the propagation operator is applied to mitigate inaccuracies and instabilities due to evanescent waves. Tests show that the method improves the image quality.
- North America > United States > South Dakota > Williston Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > North Dakota > Williston Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Montana > Williston Basin (0.99)