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Results
Study And Application Of The Viscosity Reducer Used In Production Of The Viscous Crude Oil
Xie, Huizhuan (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC) | Zhang, Fusheng (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC) | Dong, Lijian (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC)
Abstract According to the property of the viscous crude oil in China, ORV (oil-base viscosity reducer) and HEA (water-base viscosity reducer) have been developed. ORV oil-base viscosity reducer which is composed of high molecular weight polymer, surfactants and other additives etc., has a good viscosity-reducing effect for the viscous crude oil with low or medium viscosity, at the dosage of 100 to 300mg/kg, viscosity was reduced by 60% to 80%, in the same time, has a good pour point-reducing effect for high pour point crude. HEA water-base viscosity reducer which is composed of surfactants, stabilizer and other additives etc., has a very good viscosity-reducing effect for the viscous crude oil with high viscosity, at dosage of 50~200mg/kg, viscosity was reduced by above 99%. Above-mentioned two reducers have already used in Jidong, Liaohe and Shengli etc. oilfields, a better application effect and a tremendous economic benefit (according to the incomplete statistical data, that of ORV is 13.5 million yuans RMB per year, and ratio of input to output is 1:11; that of is 20 million yuans RMB per year, and ratio of input to output is 1:26.2) were abtained. And moreover, HEA viscosity reducer has a good high temperature-tolerant ability and can be used as the spearhead chemical agent for steam soak, ORV viscosity reducer has pour point-reducing and wax-inhibiting functions. Introduction Resource of the viscous crude oil is very rich in China, according to statistical data, production of the viscous crude oil makes up about 7% of total production of the crude oil in China. In the past days, the conventional methods of injection steam and injection light oil into oil well etc., were primary methods for production of the viscous crude oil. But above-mentioned methods are not ideal because there is a great need of fuel consumption or light oil, production cost of the viscous crude oil is very high too. Thereby method of using reducer to produce the viscous crude oil is considered as one of the more prospective and more potential methods. For the viscous crude oil in some union in China, its viscosity reaches to 2×10mPa.s at reservoir temperature, production of this viscous crude oil is very difficult, so using water-base reducer to form O/W emulsion is a ideal method for production this viscous crude oil. But for the viscous crude oil in some union in China, its viscosity (beyond 10mPa.s) is very high at reservoir temperature, technology of using alone steam soak or reducer can not both meet require of production of this viscous crude oil, technology of combining steam soak with reducer is very important. Moreover, sometimes steam is very difficult to be injected into because of water block in reservoir, this requires to inject chemical agent (can relieve water block) into reservoir before steam soak. Reservoir temperature soaked by steam can reach to 300°C or more, under this condition, viscosity reducer must have a better high temperature-tolerant (i.e., reducer treated at high temperature still has a good viscosity-reducing effect). For the viscous crude oil with low or medium viscosity, steam soak is not suitable to produce this crude oil, and operation of using water-base viscosity reducer to produce this viscous crude oil is very troublesome that during the operation a great amount of water must be continuously injected into well and the following treatment of production fluid is more difficult, so in recent years, oil-base viscosity reducer was used to produce this kind of viscous crude oil, and a very good effect was obtained. According above-mentioned conditions, development of a series of viscosity reducer suiting to all kinds of the viscous crude oils has a very important significance. Property of the Viscous Crude Oil in China The viscous crude oil in China is distributed mainly over Liaohe, Shengli and Jidong etc. oilfields, the property of some viscous crude oil in China are listed in Table 1.
- Asia > China (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- Asia > China > Tianjin > Bohai Basin > Huanghua Basin > Dagang Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Shandong > North China Basin > Shengli Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Liaoning > Bohai Basin > Liaohe Basin > Liaohe Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Bohai Bay > Bohai Basin > Jidong Nanpu Field (0.99)
A Study On BEM Series Of Pour Point Depressants And Their Application In China
Zhang, Fusheng (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC) | Xie, Huizhuan (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC) | Dong, Lijian (Oilfield Chemistry Dept. of Research Institute of Petroleum E&D, CNPC)
Abstract On the basis of analyzing composition of the crude oil in China, and according to mechanism of PPD reducing pour point, BEM series of PPDs which have a good pour point-reducing/viscosity-reducing effect for Chinese crude oils, have been developed and already used in Luning, Zhongluo, Pulin, Weijing, Donghuang and Donglin etc. long distance pipelines in China. After the crude oils transported by above-mentioned pipelines were treated by 50mg/kg of BEM series of PPDs, their pour points were reduced by 19°C, 19.5°C, 18°C, 13.5°C, 13°C and 20°C respectively, and their viscosities were reduced by 84.6%, 94.9%, 97.5%, 93.0%, 15.7% and 23.0%, in the same time, safety and flexibility of above-mentioned pipelines operation were all enhanced, and a tremendous economic benefit was obtained. The experimental result shows the following. Above waxing out temperature, violent pump shear and weak pipe shear can't affect the rheological behavior of the crude oil; during waxing out peak temperature, violent pump shear can deteriorate the rheological behavior of the crude oil but weak pipe shear can improve the rheological behavior of the crude oil. The main reason for above-mentioned phenomenon is the following. Above waxing out temperature, there are a very small number of wax crystals in crude oil, shear couldn't alter the structure of wax crystals; during waxing out peak temperature, there are a great number of wax crystals in crude oil, the structure of wax crystals was destroyed by violent pump shear and became the smaller wax crystals with the new active centres, then the smaller wax crystals interlocked by the new active centres and formed network structure with the larger strength, but weak pipe shear improved probably interaction between PPD molecules and wax crystals. Introduction Most of the crude oils in China have a higher pour point and a higher viscosity which make production and transportation of these crude oils more difficult. Method of heating crude oil was usually used in production and transportation of these crude oils, but this method would consume a great amount of fuel. Especially in the recent years, production of some eastern oilfields in China was dropping yearly, and most of the eastern pipelines operate usually in the ultralow-throughput, so cost of transportation of the crude oil was rising yearly. Under this circumstance, technology of application PPD to improve the rheological behavior of the crude oil become very important and is considered as one of methods of saving fuel/decreasing cost. There are many pipelines in which PPD have been successfully used in the world. According to characteristics of the crude oils in China, BEM series of PPDs which have a good pour point-reducing/viscosity-reducing effect for crude oils in China, have been developed and already used in Luning, Zhongluo, Pulin, Weijing, Donghuang and Donglin etc. long distance pipelines, and a good application effect and a tremendous economic benefit were obtained. After BEM series of PPDs were added into above-mentioned pipelines, pour point and viscosity were reduced greatly, so a problem that the crude oil has to be transported conversely under the circumstance of shortage of the crude oil throughput, was solved. When the crude oil is transported by pipeline, the crude oil experiences inevitably short-time violent shear of pump and long-time weak shear of pipe. In the first station, pour point of the crude oil treated by PPD was reduced greatly, but pour point of the crude oil rose gradually after it was sheared by pump, this situation was unfavorable to safety of pipeline operation, so study on mechanism of influence of shear on the rheological behavior of the crude oil, has a very important significance to development of new PPDs with a better shear-tolerant ability. Up to now, there are only some literatures reporting the influence of shear on the rheological behavior of the crude oil, but mechanism of influence of shear on the rheological behavior of the crude oil has not been studied deeply as yet, thereby this confined greatly that study of PPD made good progress.
- Asia > China (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Diyala Governorate (0.24)
Chemical Control Techniques for the Paraffin and Asphaltene Deposition
Dong, Lijian (Oilfield Chemistry Department of RIPED, CNPC, Beijing, China) | Xie, Huizhuan (Oilfield Chemistry Department of RIPED, CNPC, Beijing, China) | Zhang, Fusheng (Oilfield Chemistry Department of RIPED, CNPC, Beijing, China)
Abstract Paraffin related problem appears through out the production process of nearly all kinds of crude oils all over the world. It also appears in the dewatering process and the long distance crude oil transportation. In Daqin Oil Field in northeastern China, 150 million RMB is spent on the cleaning up the paraffin deposition (including the total expense on cleaning up the paraffin deposition on various surfaces of production equipments by the mechanical, thermal, chemical etc. methods). Just as the same, asphaltene deposition problem is also encountered in the oil production process. This paper focus on the discussion of paraffin deposition and its chemical control technique. The paper introduce the latest research and development of chemical additives (DQ, KOW, AOA, ZHJ) for the control of paraffin and asphaltene and their successful application on 2000 wells in Chinese oil fields. In the oil field application, chemicals were added into the oil tube or annular space, or squeezed into the oil formation so that the deposition of paraffin and asphaltene was inhibited. Oil wells treated with DQ, KOW, AOA, ZHJ were all kept on long time normal production, the times of repairing equipment and shutting up oil wells were greatly reduced. Also the productivity was enhanced and the production cost was decreased. Annual economic benefit by using of this chemicals was about 21, million RMB. The design of paraffin inhibitors in the paper was based on the theory of co-crystallization, the theory of surface chemistry and colloidal dispersion chemistry. DQ, KOW, AOA were thus designed and have satisfactory properties. The paper also discuss the mechanism of paraffin deposition inhibition. Introduction There are many literatures reporting paraffin problem. They can be divided into two kinds. The first kind is mainly related to the research of mechanism of paraffin deposition and the set up of physical and mathematic models and also the development of the softwares for analysis and anticipation of paraffin deposition potentiality for a target oil field; the second kind is specially concerned with a practical way of resolving paraffin deposition problem, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, physical etc. methods. This paper mainly describes specific property of a few chemical paraffin inhibitors and an asphaltene inhibitor and their application in many Chinese oil fields. Paraffin deposition generally consists of wax, asphaltene, resin and sands etc. The main component is wax. Wax is solid state normal alkane with 15~80 carbon atoms and very few branch chain or even no branch chain. Under the oil formation conditions, the wax resolved in crude oil. But in the course of crude oil flowing through oil formation into the bottom hole of the well and then flowing up to the ground, because of the decrease of pressure, temperature and the out come of gas, the wax is separated out to form crystals. The wax crystals will grow, aggregate and then precipitate on the wall of oil tube. The process of wax precipitation include three stages, that is the wax separation, the growing up of wax crystals and the deposition of wax. If the wax crystals are separated from the active points of some solid surface (such as the metal surface, the sand surface) and continuously grow up, there are only two stages for the paraffin deposition. Control of any one of the three stages of wax deposition will reach the goal of paraffin inhibition. Commonly used electric heating cable is a example of control wax deposition at the first stage (wax separation) while the glass oil tube and coating oil tube are the examples of control wax deposition at the third stage (wax deposition). The introduced application of DQ, KOW and AOA paraffin inhibitors are the examples of control wax deposition at the crystal growing up and wax deposition stages.
- Asia > China (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- North America > United States > Montana > Roosevelt County (0.24)
- Asia > China > Hebei > Bohai Basin > Huabei Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region > Tuha Field (0.98)
- Asia > China > Bohai Bay > Bohai Basin > Jidong Nanpu Field (0.98)