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Collaborating Authors
Elkatatny, Salaheldin
Extended Abstract: The Feasibility of Using Geopolymer in Oil-Well Cementing: A Review
Adjei, Stephen (Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) | Aggrey, Wilberforce Nkrumah (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geo-Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.) | Abdelraouf, Yasmin (Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt)
Abstract Over the years, various cementitious materials have been investigated as a substitute for conventional cement. One example of these materials is geopolymer, a binder developed when an alkaline solution is used to activate materials containing alumina and silica. The use of this material is well established in the construction industry. In oil-well cementing, its feasibility is currently being investigated. An extensive survey on the various geopolymer studies has been conducted. The goal is to present a manuscript containing a summary of these studies. This will help researchers merge the knowledge acquired going forward. The study showed that the application of geopolymer in acidic and saline conditions, and in well plugging and abandonment operations. Additionally, geopolymer-mud compatibility and the impact of temperature on geopolymer systems have also been studied. In general, geopolymer systems show better performance, overcoming the limitations of the OPC systems. For instance, the geopolymer is more suited for CO2 sequestrations wells as it does not undergo a carbonation reaction which would result in degradation. Furthermore, geopolymers have superior performance in highly saline conditions and besides their compatibility with mud, a geopolymer-mud combination produces cementitious systems with enhanced properties.
- Africa (0.68)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.47)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.29)
- Overview (0.48)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.34)
Estimation of the Static Young's Modulus for Sandstone Reservoirs Using Support Vector Regression
Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Al Shehri, Dhafer (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
Abstract The static Young's Modulus (Estatic) is an important parameter affecting the design of different aspects related to oil and gas producing wells. It is significantly changing based on the type of the formation, and hence, an accurate method of identifying Estatic is required. This study evaluates the performance of support vector regression (SVR) for prediction of the Estatic. The SVR model was learned to evaluate the Estatic from the well logs of the bulk formation density in addition to compressional and shear transit time. It was learned and tested on 592 training datasets of the inputs and their corresponding Estatic, these datasets were obtained from a sandstone formation in Well-A. The learned SVR model was then validated on 38 data points from Well-B, the performance of the optimized SVR on predicting the Estatic for the validation data was also compared with these of the early optimized artificial neural networks (ANN) and functional neural networks (FNN). As a result, all machine learning models showed high precision in predicting the Estatic for the validation data where Estatic was estimated with average absolute percentage errors of 3.80%, 2.54, and 2.03% and correlation coefficients of 0.991, 0.997, and 0.999 using the optimized ANN, FNN, and SVR models, respectively. This result shows the high accuracy of the SVR on predicting the Estatic.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province (0.68)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
Application of Tire Waste Material to Enhance the Properties of Saudi Class G Oil Well Cement
Ahmed, Abdulmalek (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Gajbhiye, Rahul (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Majed, Abdulaziz Al (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
Abstract Cementing is an important operation for the integrity of the wellbore due to its role in providing several functions. To perform these functions, a high performance cement is required. Different types of additives and materials have been added to the cement slurry to improve its performance. Tire waste material is considered one of the greatest wastes globally. It is a dangerous material to the environment and human. Subsequently, it has been included in many industrial processes to reduce its hazards. This work evaluated the application of tire waste material in oil and gas industry to improve the properties of Saudi class G oil well cement. Two cement slurries were formulated under high pressure and high temperature of 3000 psi and 292 °F, respectively. The first slurry was the base cement without tire waste and the second slurry contained the tire waste. The effect of using the two slurries on the cement properties such as density variation, compressive strength plastic viscosity, Poisson's ratio and porosity was evaluated. The results showed that, when tire waste material was used, lower density variation was accomplished. Using tire waste was efficient to decrease the density variation to an extremely low proportion of 0.5%. Adding tire waste to the cement composition decreased its plastic viscosity by 53.1%. The tire waste cement sample had a higher Poisson's ratio than the base cement sample by 14.3%. Utilizing the tire waste improved the cement's compressive strength by 48.3%. The cement porosity was declined by 23.1% after adding the tire waste. Beside the property's enhancement in the cement, the application of tire waste has also an economical advantage, since it is inexpensive material which is influential in our daily life.
Sonic Logs Prediction in Real Time by Using Random Forest Technique
Gamal, Hany (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran) | Alsaihati, Ahmed (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran) | Abdulraheem, Abdulazeez (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran)
ABSTRACT: The rock petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics are highly required for different applications in the petroleum industry as reservoir modeling, drilling operation design, production, and field development plans. The sonic data is one of the common sources to determine the rock elastic properties and acquiring the sonic data from the lab experimental work, logging, and correlations are not effective way due to the time and cost besides the low accuracy for the correlation approach. Consequently, this paper targets to proposed an intelligent approach for determining the sonic logs from the drilling data using machine learning tools. The study proposes a new approach for utilizing the random forest technique for developing a sonic prediction model for real-time deployment in drilling operation. The model was developed using drilling and sonic data for composite drilled formations with different lithology, while the drilling data is the model inputs and compressional and shear velocities are the outputs. The results showed a strong prediction capability for the developed model as the correlation of coefficient is higher than 0.9 and the average absolute percentage error is below 1% between the actual and predicted values.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.47)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (0.49)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (43 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (1.00)
Generation of a Complete Profile for Porosity Log While Drilling Complex Lithology by Employing the Artificial Intelligence
Al-Sabaa, Ahmed (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Gamal, Hany (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
Abstract The formation porosity of drilled rock is an important parameter that determines the formation storage capacity. The common industrial technique for rock porosity acquisition is through the downhole logging tool. Usually logging while drilling, or wireline porosity logging provides a complete porosity log for the section of interest, however, the operational constraints for the logging tool might preclude the logging job, in addition to the job cost. The objective of this study is to provide an intelligent prediction model to predict the porosity from the drilling parameters. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a tool of artificial intelligence (AI) and it was employed in this study to build the porosity prediction model based on the drilling parameters as the weight on bit (WOB), drill string rotating-speed (RS), drilling torque (T), stand-pipe pressure (SPP), mud pumping rate (Q). The novel contribution of this study is to provide a rock porosity model for complex lithology formations using drilling parameters in real-time. The model was built using 2,700 data points from well (A) with 74:26 training to testing ratio. Many sensitivity analyses were performed to optimize the ANN model. The model was validated using unseen data set (1,000 data points) of Well (B), which is located in the same field and drilled across the same complex lithology. The results showed the high performance for the model either for training and testing or validation processes. The overall accuracy for the model was determined in terms of correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute percentage error (AAPE). Overall, R was higher than 0.91 and AAPE was less than 6.1 % for the model building and validation. Predicting the rock porosity while drilling in real-time will save the logging cost, and besides, will provide a guide for the formation storage capacity and interpretation analysis.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.69)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.48)
- Africa > Middle East > Algeria > Ouargla Province > Hassi Messaoud > Oued Mya Basin > Hassi Messaoud Field (0.99)
- Africa > Middle East > Algeria > Ouargla Province > Hassi Messaoud > Berkine Basin (Trias/Ghadames Basin) > Hassi Messaoud Field (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (1.00)
Investigation of Dehydroxylated Sodium Bentonite as a Pozzolanic Extender in Oil-Well Cement
Adjei, Stephen (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (Corresponding author) | Sarmah, Pranjal (email: elkatatny@kfupm.edu.sa)) | Chinea, Gonzalo (Baker Hughes)
Summary Fly ash, which is a pozzolan generated as a byproduct from coal-powered plants, is the most used extender in the design of lightweight cement. However, the coal-powered plants are phasing out due to global-warming concerns. There is the need to investigate other materials as substitutes to fly ash. Bentonite is a natural pozzolanic material that is abundant in nature. This pozzolanic property is enhanced upon heat treatment; however, this material has never been explored in oil-well cementing in such form. This study compares the performance of 13-ppg heated (dehydroxylated) sodium bentonite and fly-ash cement systems. The raw (commercial) sodium bentonite was dehydroxylated at 1,526°F for 3 hours. Cement slurries were prepared at 13 ppg using the heated sodium bentonite as partial replacements of cement in concentrations of 10 to 50% by weight of blend. Various tests were done at a bottomhole static temperature of 120°F, bottomhole circulating temperature of 110°F, and pressure of 1,000 psi or atmospheric pressure. All the dehydroxylated sodium bentonite systems exhibited high stability, thickening times in the range of 3 to 5 hours, and a minimum 24-hour compressive strength of 600 psi. At a concentration of 40 and 50%, the 24-hour compressive strength was approximately 800 and 787 psi, respectively. This was higher than a 13-ppg fly-ash-based cement designed at 40% cement replacement (580 psi).
- South America (0.93)
- Asia > Middle East (0.69)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Phyllosilicate (0.73)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone ("Partitioned Zone") > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Wafra Joint Operations Block > Wafra Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone ("Partitioned Zone") > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Wafra Joint Operations Block > Wafra Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Basra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Mesopotamian Basin > Tuba Field > Zubair Formation (0.98)
- (2 more...)
Artificial Neural Networks-Based Equation for Real-Time Estimation of the Dynamic Young's Modulus
Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Gamal, Hany (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Mutrif, Osama (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
ABSTRACT: Evaluation and optimization of different aspects related oil wells designing such as the wellbore stability evaluation, in-situ stresses prediction, drilling performance optimization, and hydraulic fracturing design are influenced by the static Young's Modulus which is determined based on the knowledge of the dynamic Young's Modulus (Edyn). Nowadays, Edyn is estimated from the shear and compressional velocities and bulk density, which in many cases may not be available. This study introduces an empirical equation developed based on an optimized artificial neural networks (ANN) model to predict the Edyn on real-time while the drilling process based on the drilling parameters of the rate of penetration, weight on bit, standpipe pressure, torque, drilling mud flowrate, and the drillpipe rotation speed. The ANN model was trained on 2054 data points from Well-A, then the empirical equation was extracted from this optimized model. This equation was then tested on 871 data points from Well-B and validated on 2912 data points from Well-C. The outcomes of this study showed that, the Edyn was predicted for the training data with an average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 3.09%, using the optimized ANN model. The Edyn for the testing and validation data was predicted with AAPE's of 3.38% and 3.73%, respectively. 1. Introduction The elasticity of the rock determines its ability to recover from the deformation caused by subjecting the rock to external forces, the relationship between the applied external forces and the deformation is determined by the rock elastic properties such as the Young's modulus (Fjaer et al., 2008). Rock elastic properties are significantly influencing different aspects related oil wells designing such as the wellbore stability evaluation, in-situ stresses prediction, drilling performance optimization, and hydraulic fracturing design (Nes et al., 2005; Hammah et al., 2006). These elastic properties could be evaluated in the laboratory from compressional tests (static) or calculated from shear and compressional wave velocities (dynamic) evaluated using well logs (Barree et al., 2009).
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.29)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.95)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ghawar Field > Lower Fadhili Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ghawar Field > Khuff D Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ghawar Field > Khuff C Formation (0.99)
- (4 more...)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- (4 more...)
Improvement of Well Cementing Properties Using Perlite Particles
Ahmed, Abdulmalek (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Bageri, Badr (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Al Jaberi, Jaber (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Patil, Shirish (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
ABSTRACT: Various additives had been used to improve the properties of oil well cement. Perlite is a material that occurs naturally and abundantly as a result of cooling the volcanic lava. The aim of this study is to examine the prospect of applying perlite particles (PP) for oil well cement. Two cement formulations (with and without perlite particles) were prepared under high temperature and high pressure. The impacts of PP on the properties of well cement such as density variation, viscosity, gel strength, compressive strength, Young's modulus and permeability were examined. The results showed an enhancement in the rheological properties when PP was added. For instance, viscosity was reduced by 29.7% and gel strength was enhanced by 41.1% compared to the base cement. PP was able to reduce the variation of cement density to very low percentage of 0.9%. Addition of Perlite particles reduced the Young's modulus of the cement by 40% in comparison with the 0% PP. Incorporating 3% PP improved the compressive strength of cement by 15.8% in comparison with the base cement. However, there is a slight increase in the permeability because of using PP, but it is still in the recommended value. 1. Introduction In Petroleum industry, while drilling the development or exploration wells, a drilling fluid is used to prevent the entering of formation fluids into the wellbore by providing hydrostatic pressure. Then, the casing is run into the well to endure the forces of collapse and burst. After that, a slurry of cement is pumped to fill the annulus between the steel casing and rock formation (Nelson and Guillot, 2006). The slurry starts to harden gradually, and the cement sheath is formed. The cement sheath plays a vital role in the well integrity by providing zonal isolation of a variety of fluids (such as gas, oil, and water), protecting the casing string against corrosion and providing mechanical support. The failure of cement sheath can lead to annulus pressurization, migration of formations fluid to the surface and blowout in disastrous cases. The hazard of cement failure can be diminished by designing a high-performance cement sheath that warrants the essential integrity of the well, reduces the risk of damage coming from the accumulated material produced by the process of physicochemical and stops the formation's fissures at the interface between cement and casing and between cement and rock (Krakowiak et al., 2015).
- Asia > Middle East (0.69)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
Evaluation of Granite Waste and Silica Flour in Oil Well Cementing
Ahmed, Abdulmalek (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Al-Majed, Abdulaziz (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals)
ABSTRACT: Silica flour is commonly used in oil well cement. It possesses properties that are similar to those in pozzolanic materials, which have good strength properties. The granite coarse also has good strength properties and similar to silica flour. High amount of granite wastes is generated in the granite industry. The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility of using the granite waste as alternative for silica flour in well cementing under high temperature and high pressure. Two cement samples were prepared. The first sample was the base slurry which composed of class G cement + 35% by weight of cement (BWOC) of silica flour. The second slurry composed of class G cement with the optimum concentrations of granite (40% BWOC). The results showed that, granite waste can take the role of silica flour in well cementing. Using granite waste increased the compressive strength by 5.6% compared to silica flour. The Young's modulus of granite waste was smaller than the Young's modulus of silica flour by 3%. Additionally, the porosity of granite waste was also smaller than the porosity of silica flour by 18%. 1. Introduction In the Petroleum industry, while drilling the development or exploration wells, a drilling fluid is used to prevent the entering of formation fluids into the wellbore by providing hydrostatic pressure. Then, the casing is run into the well to endure the forces of collapse and burst. After that, a slurry of cement is pumped to fill the annulus between the steel casing and rock formation (Nelson and Guillot, 2006). The slurry starts to harden gradually, and the cement sheath is formed. The cement sheath plays a vital role in the well integrity by providing zonal isolation of a variety of fluids (such as gas, oil, and water), protecting the casing string against corrosion and providing mechanical support. The failure of cement sheath can lead to annulus pressurization, migration of formations fluid to the surface and blowout in disastrous cases. The hazard of cement failure can be diminished by designing a high-performance cement sheath that warrants the essential integrity of the well, reduces the risk of damage coming from the accumulated material produced by the process of physicochemical and stops the formation's fissures at the interface between cement and casing and between cement and rock (Krakowiak et al., 2015).
- Asia > Middle East (0.47)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
Dissolution of Sulfates and Sulfides Field Scales by Developed Scale Dissolver
Gamal, Hany (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Elkatatny, Salaheldin (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Al Shehri, Dhafer (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals) | Bahgat, Mohamed (Rosewell Energy)
Abstract Oil and gas industry deals with fluid streams with different ions and concentrations that might cause scale precipitation. The scale precipitation, will thereafter, affect the fluid flow characteristics. Many problems will be raised by the scale deposition that affects the overall petroleum production. This paper aims to develop a non-corrosive acid system with high dissolution efficiency for field complex scales that have sulfates and sulfides minerals. The paper provided a series of lab analysis that covers the compositional analysis for the collected scale sample, and evaluating the developed acid system for compatible and stable properties, dissolution efficiency, and the corrosive impact. A field scale sample that has a composite chemical composition of paraffin, asphaltene, sulfides and sulfates compounds with different weight percentages by employing the diffraction of X-ray technology. Developing the new scale dissolver was achieved by specific compositional study for the organic acids to achieve high dissolution efficiency and low corrosive impact for the field treatment operations. The study results showed the successful scale removal for the developed dissolver at low temperature of 95 and 113 °F for surface treatment jobs. The dissolution efficiency recorded 62 and 71 % for 17 hours at the temperature levels respectively. The fluid showed a stable and compatible performance and has a pH of 12. The corrosion test was conducted without any scale inhibitors and the results showed the low corrosion effect by 0.0028 lbm/ft. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve such complex field scales, maintain the well equipment, and maintain the petroleum production from scale issues.