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Abstract This paper presents a new method for scaling up multi-phase flow properties which properly accounts for boundary conditions on the up scaled cell. Scale-up works by allowing us to omit the simulation of a complete finely-gridded model, but requires us to either make assumptions about the proper boundary conditions for the isolated blocks being scaled up or to determine them in some other way. To date, all scale up methods have made assumptions about fine-scale boundary conditions. The paper describes how to use the concept of injection tubes (which are hypothetical streamtubes connecting the injection wellbore to all of the inlet-face fine gridblocks of the isolated blocks being scaled up) to determine the appropriate boundary conditions. The use of injection tubes enables us to capture the fine-scale flow behavior of a finely-gridded model at the inlet face of the isolated blocks as if the complete finely-gridded model was simulated. We describe how to scale up a whole finely-gridded model sequentially using injection tubes to determine the boundary conditions for two-phase flow. This new scale-up method is able to capture almost exactly the fine-scale two-phase flow behavior, such as saturation distributions, inside each isolated coarse-grid domain. Further, the resultant scaled-up relative permeabilities almost perfectly reproduced the average performance of the finely-gridded model. To date, we have confirmed that the method is applicable not only to viscous dominated flow but also to flow affected by gravity for reasonable viscous to gravity ratios. Introduction Recently, there has been growing interest in the development of a rigorous scale-up process. Finely gridded geostatistical models are made up of more gridblocks than can be handled by present day finite difference reservoir simulators. Of particular interest are coarser-scale relative permeabilities which can reproduce the average performance of the local domains of these finely gridded models with a minimum loss of fine-scale variabilities when coarsely gridded models are considered.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- North America > United States > California (0.46)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Southern North Sea > Southern Gas Basin > Block 52/5a > Hewett Fields > Hewett Field (0.89)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Southern North Sea > Southern Gas Basin > Block 52/4a > Hewett Fields > Hewett Field (0.89)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Southern North Sea > Southern Gas Basin > Block 48/30 > Hewett Fields > Hewett Field (0.89)
- (2 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > Scaling methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
Abstract This paper presents an innovative upscaling methodology based on the semi-analytical simulator developed in the first part. The methodology generates a coarse grid based on streamtubes and isobars, whose upscaled properties are accurately calculated using the properties of each streamtube that constitutes the coarse block. Beyond the calculation of upscaled static properties of the grid, the methodology also calculates upscaled relative permeability curves, or pseudoflinctions, using the semi-analytical streamtube method to perform this without requiring any significant additional time. Tests showed that the results from the streamtube coarse grid had an excellent agreement with the fine grid solution. In contrast, simulations with a coarse grid upscaled with conventional techniques failed in many situations. Although this upscaling methodology is heavily based on a fixed streamtube simulaflon method, it provided good results even for situations in which this streamtube simulator is not supposed to work, such as displacements with favorable mobility ratios, and for problems with gravity and compressibility. P. 361
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Midland Basin > Price Field (0.89)
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania > Warren Field (0.89)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > Scaling methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)