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Collaborating Authors
Results
Study of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor Removal Efficiency by Physical and Chemical Processes
Hussain, Altaf (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Centre, Qatar Science & Technology Park, Doha, Qatar) | Gharfeh, Samir (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Centre, Qatar Science & Technology Park, Doha, Qatar) | Adham, Samer (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Centre, Qatar Science & Technology Park, Doha, Qatar)
Abstract Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (KHI) is added to the produced fluids in oil and gas fields. Hydrate formation is a major flow assurance issue and the petroleum industry spends millions of dollars annually in this area. Kinetic inhibitors act as anti-nucleator and delay the formation of gas hydrates. The advantages of these chemicals that they are more economical and added at a low dosage without disturbing the pipeline flow. Globally, different proprietary KHI compounds are used in various locations. One specific KHI was used in the present work. Considering that produced water containing KHI may have negative impact on the environment during discharge, efficient treatment solutions to remove KHI are needed. The objective of the present laboratory investigation is to address the various treatment methods, namely membrane process and advanced oxidation process for removal of KHI. These treatment processes have huge potential to be implemented in the oil & gas industry for environmental sustainability. Membrane processes based on Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated using synthetic produced water containing KHI. The experiments were carried out using a bench scale membrane unit. The removal efficiency of KHI was found to be greater than 99%, 99%, and 83% for RO, NF & UF membrane, respectively. The chemical process based on ozonation was also investigated. The ozone effectively degraded 75% of KHI polymer with ozone dosage of 0.73 g/h. The extent of oxidation of KHI is dosage/time dependent. To the author's knowledge, this is the first work reported in the literature regarding KHI removal by membrane technology and advanced oxidation.
- North America > United States (0.29)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea (0.25)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar (0.16)
Using Advanced Water Treatment Technologies To Treat Produced Water From The Petroleum Industry
Dores, Raul (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC), Doha, Qatar) | Hussain, Altaf (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC), Doha, Qatar) | Katebah, Mary (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC), Doha, Qatar) | Adham, Samer (ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC), Doha, Qatar)
Abstract Produced Water (PW) is the water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface along with oil or gas in extraction operations and it is the highest volume liquid waste stream generated by the petroleum industry. Historically, the treatment of PW has been limited to free oil and suspended solids removal and subsequent discharge into water bodies or deep injection in disposal wells. Only a small fraction of the PW is currently being treated to an extent that allows it to be recycled & reused. However, due to any of a variety of factors including legislation, geological restrictions and local water scarcity, the future will require a greater fraction of the PW to be extensively treated and ultimately recycled & reused. The petroleum industry will have to change how it has historically been managing PW and start to consider PW as a "by-product" of strategic importance and value and not as an operational liability. This paper focuses on the application of Advanced Water Treatment Technologies (AWTTs) for the treatment of PW. The specific technologies presented include direct membrane filtration, biological treatment in membrane-bioreactors (MBRs), thermal evaporators and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In addition to describing their respective advantages and disadvantages, this paper also presents examples of case studies where PW is being treated and recycled & reused through the application of AWTTs in full scale facilities. This paper also presents a brief overview of a laboratory investigation carried out by ConocoPhillips GWSC, where various treatment processes (membrane filtration, biological degradation, membrane distillation (MD) and ozonation) were evaluated as PW treatment methods. The case studies reported demonstrate that thermal evaporators and membrane filtration technologies have been proven at various installations to be cost-effective at the full-scale for PW treatment. Data reported in this paper also reveal that PW can be successfully biodegraded or chemically oxidized and hence processes such as MBRs and AOPs, which have been successful in other industries but overlooked by the petroleum industry, will need to be considered. In the long term, hybrid technologies such as MD may also become a cost-effective alternative to treat PW.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia (0.69)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Treatment (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)