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Collaborating Authors
Results
Abstract This paper presents our work on developing a platform for high performance reservoir simulations, which is developed to support the implementation of various reservoir simulators on distributed-memory parallel systems. This platform employs MPI (Message Passing Interface) for communications and OpenMP for shared-memory computation. It provides structured grids due to its simplicity and cell-centered data for each grid cell. The platform has a distributed matrix and vector module and a map module. The map connects the grid and linear system modules. Commonly-used Krylov subspace linear solvers are implemented, including the restarted GMRES method and the BiCGSTAB method. It also has an interface to a parallel algebraic multigrid solver, BoomerAMG from HYPRE. Parallel general-purpose preconditioners and special preconditioners for reservoir simulations are also developed. The numerical experiments show that our platform has excellent scalability and it can simulate giant models with hundreds of millions of grid cells using thousands of CPU cores.
- Europe (0.93)
- Asia > Middle East (0.68)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Germany > North Sea > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (0.68)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (0.67)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Fluid modeling, equations of state (0.46)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > Scaling methods (0.46)
Abstract Large-scale reservoir simulation is still a big challenge due to the difficulty of solving linear systems resulted from the Newton methods. For black oil simulation, more than 90% of running time is spent on the solution of linear systems. The problem is getting worse when developing parallel reservoir simulators using parallel distributed systems with tens of thousands of CPUs. Efficient linear solvers and preconditioners are critical to the development of parallel reservoir simulators. Here we introduce our work on developing parallel preconditioners for highly heterogeneous reservoir simulations. A family of new Constrained Pressure Residual (CPR)-like preconditioners and advanced matrix pre-processing techniques are developed, including two new three-stage preconditioners and one four-stage preconditioners. A pressure system is solved by an algebraic multi-grid method, and the entire linear system is solved by the restricted additive Schwarz (RAS) method (one of the domain decomposition methods). To overcome a convective issue in reservoir simulation, a parallel potential-based matrix reordering method is employed to stabilize our preconditioners. Matrix decoupling methods, such as an alternative block factorization (ABF) strategy and a Quasi-IMPES (implicit pressure explicit saturation) strategy, are also applied. With the restricted additive Schwarz and algebraic multi-grid methods, our preconditioners have good scalability for parallel computers. Our preconditioners have been applied to oil-water and black oil benchmark simulations. For the SPE 10 project, which is a big challenge for a linear solver because of highly heterogeneous permeability and porosity, our preconditioners with the GMRES linear solver are stable and efficient. When using 64 CPUs, the number of iterations of our linear solvers is less than 40. When applying our method to a standard black oil simulation with 100 millions of grid blocks, the number of iterations of our linear solvers is only two using 3,072 CPU cores. Our numerical experiments show that our preconditioners and linear solvers are stable with a large number of CPUs and are efficient for highly heterogeneous simulations.
- Europe (0.67)
- Asia > Middle East (0.67)
- North America > United States > Texas > Harris County > Houston (0.28)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Germany > North Sea > Tarbert Formation (0.99)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Waterflooding (0.67)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (0.66)