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ABSTRACT This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a series of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. These products are designed and synthesized especially to be introduced in the North Sea oil fields. Four compounds selected out of more than fifty compounds, after initial screenings, were subjected to a battery of tests as corrosion inhibitors and as water-soluble environmentally friendly chemicals. Three of these chemical compounds were selected based on their low toxicity, excellent corrosion protection, good biodegradability, and low bioaccumulation. INTRODUCTION Corrosion prevention is a serious and difficult problem in the oil and gas industry and is acute in offshore operations. Corrosion inhibitors are essential as they prevent discharge of oil and/or gas through leakage to the surroundings. Therefore, the use of corrosion inhibitors is important in the oil and gas industry to prevent accidents through leakage. Corrosion inhibitors are water-soluble and/or oil soluble chemical compounds. When added in small quantities to an aggressive medium, these chemicals inhibit corrosion by changing the surface conditions of the metal. Organic corrosion inhibitors for corrosion inhibition are derived from aliphatic and aromatic amines, polyamines, imidazolines and their salts. They usually contain a polar head group and an oil soluble hydrocarbon tail. These corrosion inhibitors are designed to be active in both oil and water phases as surfactants. Polar head groups of this type of inhibitors prefer aqueous phase and non-polar tails prefer the hydrocarbon phase. The polar head groups are attracted to the charged steel surface due to local currents. Non-polar tails may collapse on to the steel surface and prevent the surface contacting water. This effectively cuts off the local current of the electrochemical cell and thus corrosion.
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.62)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea (0.62)
- Europe > Netherlands > North Sea (0.62)
- (2 more...)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Water & Sanitation Products (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Specialty Chemicals (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
ABSTRACT Water produced during the production of oil and gas causes major corrosion problems in oilfield operations. The corrosivity of the produced water increases or decreases depending on the nature of the dissolved substances. Dissolved bicarbonates in produced water are found to decrease corrosion whereas the organic acids and acid gases enhance the corrosion of carbon steel in the oilfields. The mitigation of CO2 corrosion in the presence of acetic acid was investigated in this study. Rotating cylinder electrode tests were conducted to study the inhibition properties of several corrosion inhibitors. Based on the laboratory test results, watersoluble cationic organic corrosion inhibitors found to be very effective in controlling acetate enhanced CO2 corrosion. INTRODUCTION Problems related to corrosion are encountered in oil and gas production environments during all phases of operations from upstream to downstream. The corrosivity of the production environments varies depending on the types of fluids produced, water chemistry, pH, dissolved CO2 and H2S acid gases, temperature, pressure and flow rates. The nature of the substances dissolved in the produced water determines its corrosivity. The dissolved bicarbonates in produced water were found to decrease corrosion. On the other hand, the presence of acid gases and organic acids in produced water was found to enhance the corrosion of carbon steel considerably. Oilfield operations employ a corrosion inhibition program in a given field based on the severity of the corrosion problem in that particular field and economics. A common technique utilized for the mitigation of corrosion of carbon steel is the application of corrosion inhibitors.4-9 Organic corrosion inhibitors are found to control oilfield corrosion problems successfully. The effectiveness of conventional water soluble organic corrosion inhibitors in controlling CO2 corrosion in the presence of acetic acid (HAc) was investigated in this study. Corrosion inhibitors with three types of chemistries were selected for the study. These included an imidazoline acetate salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, and a phosphate ester. The inhibition properties of the chemicals were evaluated using electrochemical polarization resistance10-13 data.