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ABSTRACT Development projects for oil and gas facilities are split into different phases and materials selection is an important input to all these phases in order to be able to estimate the cost accurately. The split in roles between the operator and the engineering company will be decided by the operator by defining what is to be delivered in the scope of work for the studies. There are significant differences in how materials selection is performed between operators and the same operator can choose different materials solutions for different geographical areas. Several parameters influence the materials selection, such as tax regime, cost of maintenance, experience and traditions. This document has been available since 2010 and is used successfully by some companies as a basis for development for of general philosophies and materials selection reports. This standard identifies relevant degradation mechanisms and identifies materials options to be chosen. This will ensure predictable and consistent materials selection for future facilities. INTRODUCTION Development projects for oil and gas facilities are split into different phases and materials selection is an important input to all these phases in order to be able to estimate the cost accurately. There are few established methods or standards that give clear guidance and requirements for materials selection and until year 2010, no standard other than the NORSOK Standard M-001 "Materials Selection" Requests for permission to publish this manuscript in any form, in part or in whole, must be in writing to NACE International, Publications Division, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084.
ABSTRACT In some cases submarine pipelines are installed with a direct electric heating system to avoid formation of wax and hydrates. The principle is that an alternating current is applied between each end of the pipeline and heat is generated in the pipe material. The pipe is fully electrically grounded to the sea trough sacrificial anodes, but still some current can be transferred from the pipe to sea through coating damages and that may lead to AC corrosion. As presented in earlier papers at CORROSION, installation of additional sacrificial anodes is used as a means to avoid AC corrosion. However, the direct electric heating system can influence design parameters for cathodic protection, such as sacrificial anode capacity, protection potential and design current densities. This may have large consequences for design of the CP system in terms of number anodes and required anode mass. Test results showing the relationship between applied AC and protection potential, protection current density and anode capacity are discussed. One finding is that the protection current density increases with increased AC and this need to be considered in the CP design.
- Europe > Norway (0.29)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.19)
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (0.96)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Materials and corrosion (0.96)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Corrosion inhibition and management (including H2S and CO2) (0.90)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Offshore pipelines (0.85)