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Guided Waves Methodology Application In The Analysis Of Pipeline Integrity Of Docks Along Pacific Coast And Mexico Gulf
Rivera, Hernan (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Carlos, Carlos (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Canto, Jorge (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | López, Carlos G. (PEMEX Refinacion.Torre Ejecutiva) | Knight, Cecil H. (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) | Jimenez Gonzalez, Jose H. (PEMEX Refinacion.Torre Ejecutiva) | Gonzalez, Guadalupe Corrales (PEMEX Refinacion.Torre Ejecutiva) | Ascencio, Jorge A. (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) | Martínez, Lorenzo (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT As a part of the Direct Assessment goals the knowledge of the problems allows a better decision process. In this way, the use of these methodologies for the evaluation of metal corrosion phenomena increases the possibilities of pipeline integrity analysis; one of these new techniques is the guided waves application. Certain maritime terminals for oil distribution in Mexico have been making efforts in order to get more information about the pipeline integrity of its network, and several cases have been studied with this methodology. Our group has participated as corrosion evaluation specialist and the experiences have shown the necessity of extra information about the technique and the involved variables, so we have improved laboratory exercises to get that kind of data. The evaluation of pipeline integrity with the guided waves technology has become in a very useful tool for non ILI susceptible pipelines. The success of this technique is based on the capability of a continuous surface evaluation. This technique is based in the induction of mechanical vibration on the pipeline, and the evaluation of the reflections generated by the defects in both internal and external surfaces. Because the guided waves are mechanical vibrations propagated through the pipeline, there are many factors involved in its attenuation, such as the pipeline geometry, coatings, the product inside the pipeline and the physical characteristics of the soil or the water if the pipeline is buried or submerged. Field experiences and laboratory tests performed using the Magnetostrictive technology, have been analyzed to determinate the effect of attenuation caused by some specific conditions of the pipeline, the environment and the operation parameters of the guided waves equipment. The application of the guided waves in operation docks in Northwest Pacific coast (Mazatlan), south Pacific coast (Acapulco) and southeast Gulf of Mexico (Lerma) where cases as generalized corrosion in external surfaces and pitting or certain coating types have represented a difficult for the technique application. These conditions have been reproduced in the laboratory to characterize the effect of this condition in the attenuation of the guided waves signal. In this work, we present evidence of the mentioned corrosion cases, which are determined by using the guided waves methodology; however we are focused to determine the effect of the different involved variables in the laboratory analysis, it means the consideration of parameters associated to the pipeline and to operational conditions. This combined analysis of both laboratory studies and site evaluations allow a complete reference about the capabilities of guided waves methodology and the perspectives for application in the pipeline network. The knowledge about the systems integrity of pipelines that transport hydrocarbons is crucial. Well programmed schedules of maintenance and in-field pipeline evaluation help in the prevision of incidents and in order to reduce corrosion related problems. In this way the contribution to reduce risks for exposed pipelines is based on the corrosion evidence analysis (internally and externally). Consequently there are multiple proposed methodologies that allow detecting zones with corrosion.
- North America > Mexico (1.00)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean (0.24)
Numerical Modeling For Cp Diagnosis And Solutions To Interference Problems In Shore Fuel Oil And Gas Pipeline Networks In The Pacific Coast Of Mexico.
Godoy, Arturo (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Canto, Jorge (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Ramírez, Roberto (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Rivera, Hernan (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Martinez-dela- Escalera, Lorenzo M. (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Ascencio, Jorge A. (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) | Martínez, Lorenzo (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
ABSTRACT. Numerical modeling is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and the development of solution scenarios for the CP systems of complex pipeline networks. It is also very valuable to perform comparative and validation analysis once the engineering of the retrofitting based on the numerical modeling has been completed. We report CP modeling employing Finite Boundary Element numerical techniques that were applied during the retrofitting of poorly performing CP systems in locations where the electrolyte resistivity varies significantly as is the case of shore pipelines involving soil and seawater environments in the coastal regions of Mazatlan and Rosarito in the Pacific Coasts of Mexico. The case of the gas and fuel oil pipeline network at Rosarito, due to the very special social environment around the pipeline ROW, allowed very few options for the location of new CP facilities. Therefore modeling and anticipating the results of the CP performance were crucial. We report the trial studies developed to reach a solution that, when the retrofitting was completed, substantially improved the CP performance and ensured a very good pipe to soil potential distribution coverage along the pipeline network considering the segments immersed both in seawater and in soil. The case of the pipeline network of Mazatlan, also for fuel oil and gas was successfully analyzed and solved employing the Finite Boundary Element methods. The calculations involved the solution to a CP interference problem in a segment of the pipeline, as well as the support for the retrofitting engineering that allowed passing from a very limited CP coverage to a pipe to soil potential distribution in compliance with the standard codes. INTRODUCTION. During the last years, the use of numerical modeling by Computers has increased its power and consequently the impact to different fields has been increasing in a equivalent proportion to the new computers capabilities. Particularly the us of numerical modeling in corrosion and pipelines industries has been vastly applied because the opportunity that it gives to understand the right of way (ROW) behavior and also to understand the cathodic protection behavior with its multiple variables. To evaluate the behavior of structures that already exist and just a few punctual data can be obtained; this allows understanding the possible complication, specific risk points or critical operation condition. During the building and setup of structures, which allows improving the capabilities of the system, besides to reduce the resources because the perspective that the modeling can offer to evaluate alternatives in case of simple or grave complications during the construction or the setup of the installations. A specific opportunity segment is the use of this kind of virtual laboratory in the study and prediction of the behavior of ROWs that show a complicated access, or when there are not simple mechanisms to monitor enough elements. Lets remember that the tremendous capabilities of the numerical modeling can be observed in the three different stages:
Diagnosis, Numerical Modeling And Development Of The Cathodic Protection Refurbishing Of The Metal Sheet Piling Of The Docks Of Quetzal Marine Terminal In Guatemala
Martinez_dela_Escalera, Lorenzo M. (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Alvarez, Oscar (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Canto, Jorge (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Rivera, Hernan (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Godoy, Arturo (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Ventura, Hugo E. (Corrosion y Proteccion Ingeneria) | Ascencio, Jorge A. (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) | Martínez, Lorenzo (Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT This paper reports the refurbishing of the 1200 A cathodic protection (CP) system on a 2-mile (3200 m) long, 100-foot (30.48m) deep steel sheet piling wall after 30 years service. Included are the diagnosis of the sheet piling by underwater ultrasonic measurements; the analysis of the performance of the mixed metal oxides (MMO) anode array along the docks; and the effects of cable defects that exposed the copper sheathing to aggressive environments on the anodic side of the circuit and rapid deterioration. The paper also reports the performance of the high current rectifiers; the replacement of the MMO anodes; the redesign of the anode mountings; and, the wiring details of the anode connector cables and rectifier modifications. The paper includes results of the tests of the CP current distribution in the wiring as well as the return current from the protected structure to the rectifier. The status of the CP system performance after the refurbishing is presented. The work included developing a numerical model of the CP system as designed. The limitations of the original design are discussed in view of all the metallic structures involved, other than the steel sheet pilings, serving in environments other than the main dock sea front. Quetzal Marine Terminal was built after a requirement of the Guatemala government in 1979 year, inaugurating the Quetzal Port during the year 1983. Its location is latitude 13 55'' N/ longitude 90 47''. Quetzal port is considered one of the main ports in the Republic of Guatemala, because the amount of imported/exported products handled through it. It is administrated by the “Empresa Portuaria Quetzal”. The port complex involves 835.15 hectares, divided into 10 zones, which are used with commercial goals that are at the disposal of the interested entities in developing projects related to international trade. Its strategic geographic location provides service mainly to the Pacific Basin and the West Coast of the American Continent. But, because of its proximity to the Panama channel, it can be accessed from any place around the world (see figure 1a and 1b). The port has modern infrastructure, machinery, equipment and specialized installations, which provide complete port services, at competitive costs, large area for commercial and industrial development and access to tourist attractions in the country. (Figure in full paper) In the search of solutions to preserve the optimal conditions of the docks, the “Empresa Portuaria Quetzal”, contracted “Corrosion y Protection Ingenieria” to develop a plan to install a new cathodic protection system for docks of Quetzal Port. This project involved diagnostic, identification of particular corrosion problems and the implementation of solutions to enhance the cathodic protection system. The authors were contracted to implement a project concerning the renovation of the cathodic protection for the docks of the Port Quetzal. This became a particularly interesting goal because of the variety of metallic structures included in the main dock, serving a wide range of ship types: solid bulk carriers, container ships, tankers, gas transporters.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.66)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (0.54)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > Guatemala Government (0.44)