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Collaborating Authors
Tomson, Mason
Carbonate and Sulfide Mixed Scale: Corrosion, Prediction and Control
Wang, Xin (Rice University) | Li, Wei (Rice University) | Ye, Yuqing (Rice University) | Navarathna, Chanaka (Rice University) | Reiss, Amit (Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Rice University) | Shen, Yu-Yi Roy (Rice University) | Pimentel, Daniel (Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Abstract Sulfide and carbonate mixed scales are ubiquitous in oilfield production and injection system with low corrosion resistant carbon steel equipment and pipeline. Previously, such conditions were generally treated as a corrosion problem rather than a scale problem, and the interactions between steel corrosion and mineral scale formation remain unclear. In this study, the iron sulfide and iron carbonate mixed scaling and corrosion behaviors were investigated simultaneously under simulated produced water environments. The influence of carbonate to sulfide ratios and calcium concentration in the brine was investigated. It was found that the iron sulfide (FeS) scale was always formed on the mild steel surface under various brine compositions due to the fast kinetics of the sulfide scale precipitation and sour corrosion. While with the presence of calcium, the carbonate scale was easier to form, and this carbonate scale layer would be crucial to promoting calcium carbonate deposition. The iron carbonate (FeCO3) precipitation kinetics was a diffusion-controlled reaction that can be accelerated by higher temperature and calcium concentrations. The conventional scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition methods were also tested. The combination of scale inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, and dispersant chemical combos successfully prevents the deposition formation on the mild steel surface and significantly reduces the corrosion rate. This study demonstrated the complicated interaction between the sulfide and carbonate scale and also bridged the scale and corrosion, which could help to develop a better scale and corrosion control strategy under complicated field conditions.
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.56)
A Novel Experiment Setup to Model the Effects of Temperature on Halite Scaling and Inhibition
Navarathna, Chanaka (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Wang, Xin (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Reiss, Amit (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Ye, Yuqing (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Pimentel, Daniel (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Shen, Yu-Yi (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Brine Chemistry Consortium, CEE, Rice University)
Abstract Halite is a common scale in oil/gas production. Freshwater is widely used to combat halite scaling, but this is costly. Therefore, halite inhibitors have also been examined in laboratory and field tests. However, there are certain flaws in the laboratory studies of halite inhibitors, the temperature decreases were so abrupt, or the experiments are limited to lower temperatures. As a result, inaccurate results and unrepresentative field conditions are produced. Our new precisely temperature-controlled method simulates halite precipitation at high temperatures up to 120+ °C with real-time monitoring using a laser and a video camera. This method uses batch reactor convection cooling to gradually increase the saturation index (SI) to trigger the halite nucleation observed by turbidity laser measurements. The cooling rate is commonly set at 0.5 °C/min to simulate a real-world downhole to surface hot brine movement, typically 25-35 °C of cooling. Low to high Ca values were used to validate the experimental data with thermodynamic predictions. The experimental data and ScaleSoftPitzer (SSP) predictions are very close and with high precision. The high temperature inhibition properties of halite inhibitors are not well-known, and lack of information can lead to overtreating the scale with higher inhibitor concentrations than needed. By simulating the temperature drop that occurs when brine is transported from the downhole to the surface, this approach can establish the effective SI range for a specific inhibitor. Our data shows that even at low 0.1-100 mg/L concentrations, some inhibitors with carboxylate, sulfonate, and acetamide moieties can effectively treated halite scale and dramatically extend the stability range. Despite the weak thermal stability and incompatibility with high Ca concentrations, potassium ferrocyanide demonstrated outstanding inhibitory effectiveness. The longer the inhibition period or brine transit distance, the lower the scaling temperature. By treating the scale with the least amount of inhibitors and combining it with less water dilution, production can continue uninterrupted at significantly enhanced cost savings. Overall, this approach is reliable while remaining straightforward. In addition, it can model field conditions in an oil/gas production system to evaluate the risk of halite scaling at higher temperatures than any previous method.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.68)
Deposit Prevention of Mineral Scales Using a Universal Dispersant of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Ko, Saebom (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Zhao, Yue (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Wang, Xin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Dai, Zhaoyi (Joey) (Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Dai, Chong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University)
Summary As the world’s demands for energy and water increase, innovative technologies have been implemented to produce more energy and water, sometimes in unconventional fields. It brought in new challenges of highly saline water formation and souring of wellbore or formation. Under these circumstances, the conventional threshold inhibition methods might be ineffective in controlling mineral scales. To develop a new feasible method to manage more difficult mineral scale problems, we investigated a single approach to prevent complex mineral scales from deposition using a water-soluble polymer of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). We also examine the effect of the combination of conventional threshold scale inhibitors and CMC for complex mineral scale control. Our results showed that a polymeric dispersant of CMC successfully prevented zinc and lead sulfide, barium and calcium sulfate, and calcium and iron carbonate scales from deposition, similar to what we had observed previously with iron sulfide. CMC combined with phosphonate inhibitors of diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic) acid (DTPMP) or hexamethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic) acid (HDTMP) also enhanced the inhibition performance of phosphonate inhibitors. PbS and ZnS were successfully dispersed in the presence of CMC as low concentrations of CMC as 2 mg/L for PbS and 5 mg/L for ZnS in solution passed through a 1.2-μm pore-size membrane. For barite scale control, the combination of CMC and DTPMP inhibited barite formation for 2 hours, while CMC for only 5 minutes and DTPMP for 18 minutes. The mass of barite deposit on 316 stainless steel was reduced by three-order magnitudes in the combination of DTPMP and CMC, compared with DTPMP alone. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of barite precipitated in CMC and DTPMP showed that its morphology was no longer a rhombic plate. According to the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, the surface of barite was covered by CMC, and after a 6-hour reaction, its size was 45.6 nm, which was slightly larger than that at induction time (10–35 nm). Gypsum crystal formation was also inhibited for at least 6 hours in combining CMC and HDTMP. For calcite scale control in the presence of 20 mg/L of CMC, calcite formations and growth were prevented for 134 minutes, and particle sizes remained in the nanosize range (average particle size of 396 nm) for a 15-hour reaction. Iron carbonate treated with 200 mg/L of CMC-250k and CMC-700k was dispersed for at least 2 hours under our experimental conditions. This study demonstrated that CMC effectively performed as a universal dispersant bringing a new feasible method to manage complex mineral scale problems.
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.49)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- (27 more...)
Novel Barite Crystallization and Inhibition Model Based on Surface Adsorption
Dai, Zhaoyi (State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences) | Zhao, Yue (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Wang, Xin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Kan, Amy T. (Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC) | Tomson, Mason (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University)
Summary Inorganic mineral crystallization is a critical process for numerous industrial and geoengineering processes, including oil and gas production and transportation, geothermal energy exploitation, membrane filtration, cooling tower, heat exchanger, to mention a few. Its unexpected formation can cause significant engineering, economic, and safety issues. Scale inhibitors have been widely used in various geoengineering projects as one of the most efficient and economic methods for mineral scale control. However, after decades of research, the inhibition mechanisms still remain unknown. This study applied a newly developed mechanistic mineral crystallization and inhibition model to barite, one of the most difficult mineral scales to be remediated. This new model assumes that inhibitors prolong the crystallization induction time by adsorbing onto the nucleus surface following a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm and increasing the surface tension. The new model accurately predicts the barite crystallization induction time without or with 10 commonly used scale inhibitors. More importantly, the adsorption affinity constants (i.e., KL) fitted with the new model from the barite crystallization induction time matched well with those fitted from the direct inhibitor adsorption testing and from measuring barite crystal growth rate changes due to various inhibitors. A good correlation was also observed between the KL values of various inhibitors with barite from this study and those with other minerals (i.e., hydroxyapatite and calcite) from the literature. Such good agreements and correlations validated the adsorption mechanism adopted in the new mechanistic model. This study will deepen the understanding of mineral crystallization and inhibition mechanisms and improve scale management in various industrial and geoengineering processes.
- Europe (0.67)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.59)
Observations of CO2 Corrosion-Induced Carbonate Scale Formation and Inhibition on Mild Steel
Li, Wei (Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Dai, Zhaoyi (Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Wang, Xin (Rice University) | Ko, Saebom (Rice University) | Paudyal, Samiridhdi (Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Rice University) | Shen, Yu-Yi (Rice University) | Pimentel, Daniel (Rice University) | Kan, Amy T. (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Summary Aqueous CO2-containing environment is ubiquitous in oil and gas production. Carbonate scales (e.g., calcite) tend to form in such an environment. Meanwhile, the CO2 corrosion of mild steel infrastructure may result in corrosion-induced scales including siderite (FeCO3). Previously, siderite was generally treated as a corrosion problem rather than a scale problem. However, the relationship between the corrosion-induced scale and other metal carbonate scales on the steel surface is unclear. For example, how does siderite influence calcite deposition on the mild steel? In this study, the mild steel corrosion and mineral carbonate scaling behaviors were investigated simultaneously in the presence of various cations such as Ca and Mg. We observed a two-layer scale structure on the mild steel surface under simulated oilfield conditions. The inner layer is an iron-containing carbonate scale such as ankerite or siderite, while the outer layer is calcite. In addition, calcite deposition at a very low saturation index was observed when the inner layer was present. Furthermore, a common scale inhibitor [diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) or DTPMP] can effectively mitigate calcite, siderite, and ankerite formation on the steel surface, but meanwhile, aggravate the steel corrosion because of the absence of protective scale layers.
- Europe (0.69)
- North America > United States > Massachusetts (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.35)
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Inhibition and remediation of hydrates, scale, paraffin / wax and asphaltene (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Materials and corrosion (1.00)
A New Kinetic Assay Method for Effective Scale Inhibitor Concentration Determination with Low Detection Limit
Dai, Zhaoyi (Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Corresponding author) | Ko, Saebom (Equal contributor)) | Wang, Xin (Rice University (Equal contributor)) | Dai, Chong (Rice University) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Rice University) | Zhao, Yue (Rice University) | Li, Wei (Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Rice University) | Lu, Yi-Tsung (Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Summary Scale inhibitors are widely used for mineral scale control in various industries, including oil and gas productions, geothermal energy acquisitions, and heat exchanger scale control to mention a few. In most applications, these scale inhibitors are effective at substoichiometric concentrations (e.g., 1 mg/L or lower), and the optimization of these applications is based on the ability to accurately measure the effective inhibitor concentration at such low concentrations. For example, the continuous treatment injection rate, the squeeze treatment frequency, or the batch treatment schedule need to be optimized to ensure the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) is achieved during production. However, the non- or low-phosphorous polymeric scale inhibitor concentration determination is difficult using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optic emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry or ion chromatography, especially at mg/L level concentrations due to their high detection limits. The recently developed hyamine method or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method involves intensive labor and high costs. Furthermore, in the complex oilfield operational conditions, the presence of other chemicals (e.g., surfactants, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors), the potential degradation of scale inhibitors and the use of combination scale inhibitors require the measurement of effective scale inhibitor concentration, which cannot be accomplished by the traditional methods. In this study, a new kinetic assay method has been developed to determine the effective scale inhibitor concentration with limits of detection (LODs) less than or around 0.1 mg/L for most cases. This method uses a continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR) apparatus and is developed based on the linear correlation between the effective inhibition concentration and the measured critical time when laser signal changes. The results show that the inhibitor concentrations of various non- or low-phosphorous polymeric scale inhibitors in synthetic field brine, laboratory solutions, and real oilfield brines can be accurately determined at mg/L level, or lower, with less than 10% error. The method is robust, accurate, and much less time- or labor-consuming than other existing methods especially for non- or low-phosphorous polymeric scale inhibitors.
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Water & Sanitation Products (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Specialty Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
Deposit Prevention of Mineral Scales Using a Universal Dispersant of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Ko, Saebom (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Zhao, Yue (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Wang, Xin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Dai, Zhaoyi (Joey) (Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Dai, Chong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University)
Summary As the world’s demands for energy and water increase, innovative technologies have been implemented to produce more energy and water, sometimes in unconventional fields. It brought in new challenges of highly saline water formation and souring of wellbore or formation. Under these circumstances, the conventional threshold inhibition methods might be ineffective in controlling mineral scales. To develop a new feasible method to manage more difficult mineral scale problems, we investigated a single approach to prevent complex mineral scales from deposition using a water-soluble polymer of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). We also examine the effect of the combination of conventional threshold scale inhibitors and CMC for complex mineral scale control. Our results showed that a polymeric dispersant of CMC successfully prevented zinc and lead sulfide, barium and calcium sulfate, and calcium and iron carbonate scales from deposition, similar to what we had observed previously with iron sulfide. CMC combined with phosphonate inhibitors of diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic) acid (DTPMP) or hexamethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic) acid (HDTMP) also enhanced the inhibition performance of phosphonate inhibitors. PbS and ZnS were successfully dispersed in the presence of CMC as low concentrations of CMC as 2 mg/L for PbS and 5 mg/L for ZnS in solution passed through a 1.2-μm pore-size membrane. For barite scale control, the combination of CMC and DTPMP inhibited barite formation for 2 hours, while CMC for only 5 minutes and DTPMP for 18 minutes. The mass of barite deposit on 316 stainless steel was reduced by three-order magnitudes in the combination of DTPMP and CMC, compared with DTPMP alone. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of barite precipitated in CMC and DTPMP showed that its morphology was no longer a rhombic plate. According to the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, the surface of barite was covered by CMC, and after a 6-hour reaction, its size was 45.6 nm, which was slightly larger than that at induction time (10–35 nm). Gypsum crystal formation was also inhibited for at least 6 hours in combining CMC and HDTMP. For calcite scale control in the presence of 20 mg/L of CMC, calcite formations and growth were prevented for 134 minutes, and particle sizes remained in the nanosize range (average particle size of 396 nm) for a 15-hour reaction. Iron carbonate treated with 200 mg/L of CMC-250k and CMC-700k was dispersed for at least 2 hours under our experimental conditions. This study demonstrated that CMC effectively performed as a universal dispersant bringing a new feasible method to manage complex mineral scale problems.
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.49)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- (27 more...)
A New Mechanistic Model for Mineral Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics and Its Application to Celestite
Zhao, Yue (Rice University) | Dai, Zhaoyi (Rice University (Corresponding author)) | Wang, Xin (Rice University) | Dai, Chong (Rice University) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Rice University) | Ko, Saebom (Rice University) | Kan, Amy T. (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Summary Scale inhibitors are frequently used to control the mineral scale formations during industrial processes. However, few kinetic models with a mechanistic understanding of the inhibition mechanism have been developed. In this study, a new mechanistic model is developed to predict the kinetics of the mineral scale crystallization with and without inhibitors. In this new model, it is proposed that the inhibitors can adsorb on the nucleus surfaces following a Langmuir type isotherm and increase the nucleus interfacial energy, resulting in the prolongation of the induction time. The new model is applied to predict the crystallization and inhibition kinetics of celestite, which has been observed more frequently during various industrial processes with few quantitative models developed. The predicted induction times show close agreement with the experimental data produced in this study. Moreover, the fitted Langmuir-type adsorption reaction constant between celestite and the three inhibitors is comparable with the reported values in the previous studies, implying the reliability of the proposed inhibition mechanism of this new model. This new mechanistic model could be widely adopted in various disciplines, such as elucidation of the inhibition mechanisms, predicting the minimum inhibitor concentration, or new scale inhibitors design guidance, to mention a few.
- Asia > Middle East > UAE (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- North America > United States > New Jersey (0.28)
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government (0.93)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.57)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Inhibition and remediation of hydrates, scale, paraffin / wax and asphaltene (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Flow Assurance > Solids (scale, sand, etc.) (1.00)
A Fast and Accurate Method for Scale Inhibitor Effective Concentration Measurement with Low Detection Limit
Wang, Xin (Rice University) | Dai, Zhaoyi Joey (China University of Geosciences) | Ko, Saebom (Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Rice University) | Dai, Chong (Rice University) | Li, Wei (Rice University) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Rice University) | Shen, Yu-Yi Roy (Rice University) | Pimentel, Daniel (Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Abstract Scale inhibitors have been widely used for scale control in oil and gas production. The accurate measurement of residual scale inhibitor concentration in the produced brine is essential for scale prevention. However, these scale inhibitors are effective at sub-stoichiometric concentration in most production conditions (e.g., 1 mg/L active concentration, or even lower). It is rather difficult to measure such low inhibitor concentration with traditional ICP-OES/MS or IC method, especially for non- or low- phosphorous polymeric scale inhibitors. Furthermore, the combo of scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors are used in the most application, which requires the measurement of effective scale inhibitor concentration. Therefore, there is a high demand of a fast, sensitive, universal and cheap method to determine the effective scale inhibitor concentration in complicated field brines. In this study, a new assay method is developed to determine the effective scale inhibitor concentration. This assay method is based upon the linear relationship between the effective inhibitor concentration and the critical time of barite scale formation, which is determined by turbidity measurement using a CSTR apparatus in Brine Chemistry Inhibitor (BCIn) method. This linear relationship has been validated by experimental observation. The recommended procedures for the sample preparations from the real oilfield brine were also developed to help in the quick setup of the measurement. Various types of inhibitors (i.e., SPCA, PPCA, PVS) have been tested with different sample types (i.e., in the synthetic brines, laboratory samples and real oilfield produced brine). The new assay method is quick, robust and accurate with the relative error less than 10% even at 1 mg/L of inhibitor, which indicating a limit of detection (LODs) around 0.1 mg/L for most cases.
- Europe > United Kingdom (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Water & Sanitation Products (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Specialty Chemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (24 more...)
Application of ScaleSoftPitzer in Big Data Era: Evaluations of Water Source, Scale, and Corrosion Risk – A Permian Basin study
Wang, Xin (Rice University) | Dai, Zhaoyi Joey (China University of Geosciences) | Li, Wei (Rice University) | Ko, Saebom (Rice University) | Paudyal, Samridhdi (Rice University) | Yao, Xuanzhu (Rice University) | Leschied, Cianna (Rice University) | Shen, Yu-Yi Roy (Rice University) | Pimentel, Daniel (Rice University) | Kan, Amy (Rice University) | Tomson, Mason (Rice University)
Abstract Oil and gas industry would generate a large volume of produced water during the exploration and production. The geochemistry of the produced water can provide valuable information for the analysis of formation water source evolution and the scale and corrosion risk of the production. In past decades, the water sample and the correlated condition have been collected during the production, which accumulate extensive amount of data. The successful analysis of such database would be very helpful for the scale and corrosion management. In this study, the ScaleSoftPitzer (SSP) software is used to proceed the analysis of produced water evolution and scale and corrosion risk. A Permian Basin example is selected based on USGS produced water database V2.3. The formation information from the database was critically reviewed, cleaned and standardized into 13 major formation groups related to the oil and gas production area. The missing depth, temperature and pressure were calculated, and the CO2% and downhole pH were calculated by assuming the downhole brine was in equilibrium with calcite. The saturation indices of various scale are calculated and statistically analyzed. According to our analyzing result, it is found that usually the saturation index of gypsum and barite are close to zero, which suggest that the produced water is in equilibrium with barite and gypsum mineral in the formation. The calculated calcite scale SI are generally larger than 1.0, suggested potential calcite scale risk. 1 mg/L of NTMP is recommended for all Permian Basin well for preventive scale control. The CO2 corrosion risk was also calculated using the corrosion model in SSP, a preventive action is suggested for Permian Basin. Furthermore, a good agreement between the calculated corrosion rate and the measured Mn concentration is observed. This study provided a template to use the produced water database to improve the scale and corrosion management at the field level in this big-data era.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > United States > New Mexico (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (26 more...)
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Inhibition and remediation of hydrates, scale, paraffin / wax and asphaltene (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Corrosion inhibition and management (including H2S and CO2) (1.00)
- (2 more...)