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Collaborating Authors
White, Daniel
The Evolution of Green Completion in BP Khazzan Field
Al Harrasi, Sultan (BP) | Jayawickramarajah, Naren (BP) | Al Shidhani, Taimur (BP) | White, Daniel (BP) | Najwani, Mohamed (BP)
Abstract Well Testing is the single largest contributor of carbon emissions during well operations and the industry's aspiration to reduce carbon emissions inspired the bp Oman team to identify innovative ways to reduce emissions from activities in the Khazzan field. Khazzan is characterized by tight reservoirs which requires hydraulic fracturing to release gas from the rock. After fracturing, the wells are tested/cleaned-up by flowing the well fluids and flaring the produced gas and condensate to the atmosphere. The testing removes contaminants โ proppant, frac fluid, hydrogen sulphide โ that could damage the downstream Central Processing Facility (CPF). โGreen Completionโ was one of the opportunities that was identified by the bp's Oman team to remove these contaminants in an environmentally friendly manner. A Green Completion is a zero flaring concept โ hydrocarbons produced during well test operations are โcleanedโ and then routed to processing facilities for export rather than being flared. This concept has been successfully utilized in bp's onshore US operations for over a decade. The team leveraged the experience from the USA, applying this technology to suit the conditions in Oman, but it was not simple nor straight forward. In the last two years, this process has been modified and reinvented for the operations in Oman as the company seeks to strategically reduce its global carbon footprint. In first half of 2018, the bp Wells team initiated a pilot project with the objective of developing Green Completion capability in the Khazzan field. This was the start of the journey to demonstrate bp's commitment to reducing greenhouse gas (CHG) emissions in a sustainable manner. Furthermore, bp's collaborative cross-functional aptitude allowed for expanding the use of Green Completions into the Ghazeer development, which enabled zero-emission well testing of newly drilled wells even before commissioning of the new pipeline infrastructure. Through this initiative, the region has reduced emissions and generated cash by selling the recovered hydrocarbons instead of flaring into the atmosphere during well testing operations. Since Q1 2019, the total reduction of CO2 emissions exceeded 240,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, which equates to taking circa 52,000 vehicles off the road for one year. The implementation of this environmentally friendly operation also adhered to strict safety standards. The rigid bp safety process guidelines ensured that all challenges and optimization opportunities were fulfilled in a safe manner. The purpose of this paper is to detail how the team pushed the technical envelope to introduce this technology and share the journey entailing extensive cross-disciplinary cooperation amongst operations, subsurface and wells teams to fulfill the zero emissions objective.
- Asia > Middle East > Oman > Ad Dhahirah Governorate > Arabian Basin > Rub' al-Khali Basin > Block 61 EPSA > Block 61 > Khazzan-Makarem Field > Khazzan Field > Miqrat Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Oman > Ad Dhahirah Governorate > Arabian Basin > Rub' al-Khali Basin > Block 61 EPSA > Block 61 > Khazzan-Makarem Field > Khazzan Field > Buah Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Oman > Ad Dhahirah Governorate > Arabian Basin > Rub' al-Khali Basin > Block 61 EPSA > Block 61 > Khazzan-Makarem Field > Khazzan Field > Barik Formation (0.99)
- (5 more...)
Making the Connection Between Conventional and Unconventional
Masood, Nabeel (BP) | Ishteiwy, Omar (BP) | Dawson, William (BP) | Kurniadi, Stevanus (Schlumberger) | Rylance, Martin (BP) | Al Harrasi, Sultan (BP) | White, Daniel (BP)
Abstract Multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal well completions have come a long way in the last two decades. Much of this advancement can be attributed to the shale gas revolution, from which numerous transformational tools, techniques, and concepts have led to the efficient development of ultralow-permeability resources on a massive scale. Part of this achievement has been through a widespread trial and error approach, with the higher risk/failure tolerance that is a trademark of the statistical nature of the North American unconventional resource business. However, careful consideration must be taken not to blindly apply these techniques in more permeable tight gas formations, which often cover an extensive range of permeability. Inappropriate application can compromise the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracture treatment and impair long-term well productivity. Khazzan is a tight to low-end conventional gas field in the Sultanate of Oman, with low porosity and permeability in comparison to conventional formations. The target formations comprise extremely hard, highly stressed rocks at high temperature. The development strategy included vertical wells with massive hydraulic fracture treatments and multistage fractured horizontal wells. The former has been largely successful in the higher-permeability areas, and the economic transition from vertical to horizontal well development, based on rock quality, is continuously evolving. Compared to the rapid learning curve achieved through the more than 80 vertical wells drilled to date, fewer horizontal wells have been drilled, and, as a result, the understanding is still relatively immature. The paper outlines the technical and operational journey experienced in horizontal wells, to prepare the wellbore and ensure a suitable frac/well connection for successful fracturing and well testing. The paper will describe how the intervention tools and practices have varied between the Barik and Amin formations; depending upon rock quality, frac treatment type, drive to maximize operational efficiency and availability of local resources. The differential application of these techniques, that result in measurable under-flush versus in contrast to the typical North American unconventional practice of defined but limited overflush (e.g., pump-down plug-and-perf will be described). Justification for these different approaches in two very different formations will be demonstrated, including supporting evidence of their relative value. The obstacles that have been faced, overcome and are still ongoing with this campaign highlight the importance of several critical factors: including multi-disciplinary integration and planning, wellbore construction impacts, contractor performance and tool reliability. Although practices for shale and very low permeability sands are well documented, this paper provides a suite of case histories and operational results for horizontal well intervention techniques used in high-pressure and high-temperature sandstones that are in the very specialized transition zone between conventional and unconventional.
- Asia > Middle East > Oman (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.93)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.45)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Maverick Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- (10 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Multistage fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
Abstract Sand production remains a key technical challenge in many reservoirs where formations comprise of weakly consolidated sandstone. Sand control completion equipment is typically installed to prevent sand from entering the well. However, in cases where the sand control is ineffective due to installation flaws/defects, high sand production may occur often requiring choking back of wells and resulting in significant hydrocarbon production losses. An effective remediation requires identification of locations of sand entry. However, there is currently no proven technology available in the market that accurately identifies downhole sand ingress locations in real-time. In this paper, we present results from a new technology solution that addresses this challenge by using in-well conveyed fibre optic distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) for the detection of sand ingress zones across the reservoir section throughout the production period in real time. The technology employs a novel signal processing technique that isolates and extracts acoustic signals resulting from sand ingress from background flow and instrumentation noise in real time. The new processing architecture also addresses the "big-data problem" that currently hinders DAS technology uptake through use of intelligent feature-extraction techniques that reduce data volumes at source (by several orders of magnitude). The technology feasibility has now been verified both through flow loop experiments and through multiple field trials and has been successfully used to inform the first targeted sand remediation in a BP production well.
- Well Completion > Sand Control (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Flow Assurance > Solids (scale, sand, etc.) (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)