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Abstract The success of a bailing operation depends solely on management in order to keep the operation economical. A novel approach to solve this management challenge is to use an expert system. To automate the bailing evaluation the required knowledge base was divided into one main frame and two subframes. The non-quantitive data are translated to computer form using the rule-based approach. The main frame determines the number of wells for bailing and each subframe handles operational problems. This paper presents field applications. About twenty wells were selected and pertinent data were stored in database form. Primary priority of the bailing wells were set according to the predicted bailing gain and date with a special decline curve analysis program. Then, the expert system evaluated individual well according to the operational constraints and problems. Since the expert system interacted with the database system, one database file listed all the bailing wells and the other list all the operational problems for future reference. The bailing operation is found to be more efficient and economical. Introduction The Appalachian Basin has one of the longest production histories in the continental United States production histories in the continental United States with many of the producing wells in production over 25 years. Most of these wells produce dry gas with little or no condensate. The producing formations have low permeability and low reservoir pressure, and are showing signs of field depletion. The wells tend to produce at a marginal economic volume level and at reservoir pressure slightly above surface line pressure. pressure. Reservoir pressure depletion has also allowed formation water invasion to take place. In addition, the low pressure and low velocity production conditions allow formation water to accumulate in wellbores. This accumulation, if left unchecked, will eventually create enough hydrostatic pressure to choke off gas flow at the sand face and force fluid saturation in the pay zone adjacent to the wellbore. It has long been a standard practice in the CNG Transmission Corporation's gas fields to bail this brine water from the wells. The objective is to remove the hydrostatic restriction from the well, facilitating the natural flow of gas. This operation is the single most effective production method that can be used on this type of gas well in the area. Currently, the CNG Transmission Corporation has approximately 2000 wells in its bailing program in the West Virginia and Pennsylvania operating area. Each well may need to be bailed from two to five times per year. This is equivalent to 4000 to 5000 bailings per year. This is equivalent to 4000 to 5000 bailings being performed annually by 25 - 30 bailing machines located in various field operation districts. The prediction of bailing frequency of each well is a difficult procedure since the fluid accumulation cycle changes according to high and low producing seasons. It is also affected year to year by continued field depletion and curtailment practices. The efficiency of bailing methods also influences the cycle length. Presently, the only method being used to schedule bailing jobs is human judgment, based on decades of gas field production experience obtained by bailing machine operators and crew foremen. These problems lead to a sizable management challenge: to optimize production and increase economic efficiency by monitoring and controlling the fluid bailing program. The new bailing evaluation program uses a decline curve analysis program, an artificial intelligence program, and data base. P. 261
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania (0.68)
- North America > United States > West Virginia (0.54)
- North America > United States > Virginia (0.54)
- North America > United States > Ohio (0.48)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Tennessee > Appalachian Basin (0.99)
- (7 more...)
An Application of an Artificial Intelligence Program for Bailing Operation Management in West Virginia
Yu, J.P. (West Virginia U.) | Mustafa, A. (West Virginia U.) | Yang, J.R. (West Virginia U.) | Zhao, D. (West Virginia U.) | Suhy, T.E. (CNG Transmission Corp.) | Hefner, M.H. (CNG Transmission Corp.)
Abstract The success of a bailing operation depends solely on management in order to keep the operation economical. A novel approach to solve this management challenge is to use an artificial intelligence program. A prototype bailing evaluation package has been completed with decline curve analysis, artificial intelligence program, and data base. A decline curve analysis program can be applied to fit the bailing cycles of each well in order to predict the future bailing schedule and bailing gain. predict the future bailing schedule and bailing gain. The bailing cost and other economic parameters have been used to determine the economic limits for bailing cycle investment. These parameters are being used to set the multiwell priority list for planning one month bailing operations. The line pressure, geographic location, weather conditions, farming activities, and operational problems are optimized into a working list to establish a priority list for the bailing of each well. An artificial intelligence program is being used for selecting and evaluating the priority list of the bailed wells. In addition, a database system is also being compiled to supply pertinent date for the bailing evaluation. This paper presents the way these three programs work together as a bailing evaluation package. package Introduction The Appalachian Basin has one of the longest production histories in the continental United States production histories in the continental United States with many of the producing wells in production over 25 years. Most of these well, produce dry gas with little or no condensate. The producing formations have low permeability and low reservoir pressure, and are showing signs of field depletion, the wells tend to produce at a marginal economic volume level and at reservoir pressure slightly above surface line pressure. pressure. Reservoir pressure depletion has also allowed formation water invasion to take place. In addition, the low pressure and low velocity production conditions allow formation water to accumulate in wellbores. This accumulation if left unchecked, will eventually create enough hydrostatic pressure to choke off gas flow at the sand face and force fluid saturation in the pay zone adjacent to the wellbore. It has long been a standard practice in the CNG Transmission Corporation's gas fields to bail this brine water from the wells. The objective is to remove the hydrostatic restriction from that well, facilitating the natural flow of gas. This operation is the single most effective production method that can be used on this type of gas well in the area. Currently, the CNG Transmission Corporation has approximately 2000 wells in its bailing program in the West Virginia and Pennsylvania operating area. Each well may need to be bailed from two to eight times per year. This is equivalent to 4000 to 5000 bailings per year. This is equivalent to 4000 to 5000 bailings being performed annually by 25 – 30 bailing machines located in various field operation districts. The prediction of bailing frequency of each well is a difficult procedure since the fluid accumulation cycle changes according to high and low producing seasons. It is also affected year to year by continued field depletion and curtailment practices. The efficiency of bailing methods also influences the cycle length. Presently, the only method being used to schedule bailing jobs is human judgment, based on decades of gas field production experience obtained by bailing machine operators and crew foremen. These problems lead to a sizable management challenge: to optimize production and increase economic efficiency by monitoring and controlling the fluid bailing program. The new bailing evaluation program uses a decline curve analysis program, an artificial intelligence program, and date base. P. 101
- North America > United States > West Virginia (1.00)
- North America > United States > Virginia (0.91)