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Drilling Fluids and Materials
The active drilling-fluid system comprises a volume of fluid that is pumped with specially designed mud pumps from the surface pits, through the drillstring exiting at the bit, up the annular space in the wellbore, and back to the surface for solids removal and maintenance treatments as needed. The three primary functions of a drilling fluid depend on the flow of drilling fluids and the pressures associated with that flow – transport of cuttings out of the wellbore, prevention of fluid influx, and maintenance of wellbore stability. Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook.