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Collaborating Authors
Argentina
Abstract. Recent discoveries of several billion barrels of high-gravity, low-sulphur Paleozoic oil and oil equivalent gas in the previously unexplored Central Province of Saudi Arabia highlight the prospective nature of the Paleozoic rocks of Saudi Arabia. The gravity of the oil exceeds 43" API and is classified as Arabian Super-light crude. The Paleozoic reservoirs in Saudi Arabia are principally sandstone of varying ages which are widespread in extent. The proven source rock is a thick, Lower Silurian, organic-rich shale which is present throughout most of the basins of Saudi Arabia. Regional seals are provided by Upper Permian and Lower Silurian shales. The traps vary in size and complexity. Some are broad, low-relief, fault-generated structures while others are complex, highly faulted, rift-type blocks. The growth of these structures occurred in several pulses including the Late Paleozoic Hercynian period as well as the Triassic and Cretaceous Systems. A variety of stratigraphic trap opportunities have also been recognized and tested and one of these has proven successful. Résumé. Les réservoirs paléozoïques d'Arabie Saoudite sont principalement des grès d'âges différents ayant une grande extension. La roche-mère prouvée est un schiste épais riche en matière organique du Silurien inférieur qui est présent dans la plupart des bassins saoudiens. Les couvertures étanches sont assurées par des schistes du Permien supérieur et du Silurien inférieur. Les pièges varient en taille et en complexité. Certains sont des structures larges à bas relief résultant de failles tandis que d'autres sont des blocs complexes hautement faillés du type fossé d'effondrement. La croissance de ces structures s'est produite en plusieurs impulsions y compris pendant la période hercynienne du Paléozoïque terminal ainsi que pendant les systèmes triassique et crétacée. Plusieurs possibilités de pièges stratigraphiques ont été déterminées et essayées, et l'une d'elle s'est avérée bonne. INTRODUCTION Shortly after oil was first discovered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1937 in Dammam-7 (Fig. 1) the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) started a hydrocarbon appraisal programme throughout most of the Kingdom. After reconnaissance seismic and geological data of a regional nature was evaluated, the exploration programme was focused on several ‘retained areas’ centred over the major shallow Mesozoic structural trends of eastern Saudi Arabia. Although these ‘retained areas’ constitute only about 15% of the sedimentary basins of Saudi Arabia, they include 255 billion barrels (40 Gm3) of oil and 181 trillion cubic feet (5.1 Tm3) of gas, or 27% and 5% of the world's oil and gas reserves, respectively (Tartir and Shamlan, 1990). The first Paleozoic hydrocarbons were
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Carboniferous (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Cambrian (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Silurian > Llandovery (0.54)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Permian > Lopingian (0.34)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.50)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.37)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > Middle East Government > Saudi Arabia Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Dammam Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Abu Jifan Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Khurais Field (0.99)
- (53 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (0.90)
Argentina possesses one of the largest territories of been detected, covering an area of 1750000 km', of any country in the world, and occupies eighth place which 1350000 km2 are on continental territory and insofar as the area of its continental territory, 400000 km2 are on the continental shelf, up to the approximately 2 800 000 km2, is concerned. In addi- 200 m isobath. tion, it holds sway over a coast of almost 5000 km Of these 19 sedimentary basins, five extend on to and a continental shelf 1 OOOOOO km2 in area. the continental shelf, and three are entirely on the In the total area of approximately 3 800000 km2 shelf. Only five continental basins are at present (continent plus continental shelf), 19 sedimentary hydrocarbon producers, and one basin is productive basins suitable for prospecting for hydrocarbons have on the shelf (Fig. 1). The area covered by these six SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC I i NOROESTE~ 2 NORESTE 3 BOLSONES INTERMONTANOS 4 SAN LUIS 6 MERCEDES 7 LEVALLE 8 MACACHIN 9 DEL SALADO [10/ 11 DEL COLORADO 12 ÜIRIHUAU 13 PENINSULA VALDES 17 RAWSON 18 SAN JULIAN 19 MALVINAS 0 Producing Baslna Fig. 1. Sedimentary Basins in the Argentine Republic. 89 90 PLENARY ADDRESSES PA3 productive basins is only 40% of the total useful area panies owned in their majority by foreign firms. sui table for prospecting, whereas the area under From the time the law was passed, however, there development is not more than 3% of the total. began a long period of nationalization of the petroleum industry, with stages in which it frankly declined, particularly between 1935 and 1945, leading to price controls, rationing and even to the burning HISTORICAL BACKGROUND of corn crops as fuel for railroad locomotives. Petroleum has been known in Argentina since the Private industry, limited by the Hydrocarbons 18th century through the writings of scientists and Law to the development of its scant reserves, explorers. Since 1861, with a better knowledge of the declined almost entirely. However, the general country's natural resources, private initiative began decline of the oil industry was noticed by the governto show interest in it, and an attempt was made to ment authorities then in power who, in 1948, entered operate and refine petroleum from outcrops using into conversations with private firms owned by interrwtic, primitive machinery. The kerosene for lighting national foreign capital, with a view to their resumprDduced by Teodosio López in the province of ing work in the oil industry, both upstream and Jujuy in 1876 can be considered the first refining downstream. activity recorded in the country. Dr. Arturo Frondizi's government, installed on 1st The first wells in the search for petroleum were May 1958, undertook the task of passing new petdiilled in Mendoza in 1880, in Salta in 1882, in Jujuy
- South America > Argentina (1.00)
- North America > United States > Colorado (0.24)
- South America > Argentina > South Atlantic Ocean > Argentine Basin (0.97)
- South America > Argentina > Argentine Sea > Argentine Basin (0.97)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Garden Banks > Block 200 > Northwestern Field (0.97)
- North America > Trinidad and Tobago > Trinidad > Southern Basin (0.94)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reserves Evaluation (0.70)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management > Reserves replacement, booking and auditing (0.48)
- Management > Professionalism, Training, and Education > Communities of practice (0.40)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Knowledge management (0.40)
This is the reason why it ellipsoid, where the major axis is parallel to the layer, is essential to develop the criteria needed to decide and the minor one is perpendicular to it. Near the which is the best investment option to produce an well the flow is radial, but as we move out from it, oilfield.
- South America > Argentina (0.70)
- North America > United States (0.69)
Abstract. Technical and economic results of the horizontal drilling operations in the Palmar Largo PL-21 well confirm that horizontal wells are a valid, valuable production technique that can improve oil production economics. Located in the Palmar Largo oilfield, Northwest Sedimentary Basin, PL-21 was originally a nonproductive, vertical well that intercepted the reservoir below the water/oil contact. Oilfield geological characteristics and very high pay-zone downhole temperatures were responsible for the unusually complex drilling situations that were encountered while recompleting the unproductive vertical well into a horizontal drainhole. The operation overcame two main problemsThe first section was an 820 ft (250 m) long plastic salt dome with 70" inclination. After the casing was cemented, drilling continued until 86" inclination was reached. The second section involved drilling at a depth where unusually high temperatures (up to 355°F (180°C)) would damage the electronic guidance systems and vital parts of the downhole motors. Turbodrills and special thermal shields were successfully used. Total drilled length from KOP was 3104 ft (945 m); 850 ft (260 rn) were drilled in the pay-zone; total depth was 14 130 ft (4300 m), with bottomhole 2196 ft (670 m) northwest of the vertical well. Initial, stabilized production is 2400 BOPD of dry oil which is more than double the production of the best vertical well in this field. Résumé. Les résultats techniques et économiques des opérations de forage horizontal du puits PL-21 de Palmar Largo confirme que les puits horizontaux constituent une technique de production valable et précieuse susceptibie d'améliorer l'aspect économique de la production de pétrole. Situé dans le champ pétrolifère de Palmar Largo, dans le Bassin Sédimentaire du Nord-Ouest, le puits PL-21 était à l'origine un puits vertical improductif qui interceptait le réservoir au dessous de la surface de contact huile-eau. Les caractéristiques géologiques du champ pétrolifère et les températures très élevées du fond de la zone productrice ont été responsable des situations de forages inhabituellement complexes qui sont intervenues lors de la remise en production du puits vertical improductif et de sa transformation en un drain horizontal. L'opération a résolu deux principaux problèmes :La première section constituait un dôme de sel plastique de 820 pieds (250 m) de long avec une inclinaison de 70". Après que le tubage ait été cimenté, le forage a été poursuivi jusqu'à i'obtention d'une inclinaison de 86". La seconde section a nécessité un forage a une profondeur où des températures inhabituellement élevées (jusqu'à 355 OF (180°C) devraient endommager les systèmes de guidage électroniques et les pièces vi
- South America > Argentina > Formosa Province (0.72)
- North America > United States > New Mexico (0.72)
Abstract. Different Amplitude Versus Offset (A.V.O.) processings and their use as Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (D.H.I.) are presented on examples from the offshore Argentine Austral Basin. At first, the main A.V.O. parameters such as zero offset amplitude (R,) and gradient (G) have been calibrated in 35 wells using a Common Midpoint (CMP) gather modelling programme developed on a P.C. computer taking wireline logging, laboratory and bibliographic data as input. - G x sign (R,) sections, - near/far offset energies difference sections, - near and far offset energy sections, - CMP gathers, have been interpreted in terms of gas occurrence and reservoir facies changes. positive A.V.O. effects consistent with the models achieved from well data. better evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulations. eation. Then, different specific displays of the processed seismic data such as: It has been found that all gas charged layers of more than seven metres encountered in the wells display On undrilled structures, positive A.V.O. effects have helped us estimate the position of the gas contacts and The A.V.O. techniques have also provided valuable information with regards to reservoir lithofacies delin- Résumé. Différentes techniques d'interprétation AVO (Amplitude Variation versus Offset = Variation d'Amplitude en fonction des décalages) et leur utilisation comme outils de DHI (Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator = Détection Directe des Hydrocarbures) sont illustrées par des exemples de données sismiques offshore provenant du bassin austral d'Argentine. D'abord les principaux paramètres AVO tels que i'amplitude PSV (R,) et le gradient (G) sont étalonnés dans 35 puits en utilisant un programme de modélisation des regroupements en point-milieu commun mis au point sur un ordinateur PC incorporant de données provenant de la bibliographie, du laboratoire et des diagraphies différées. - sections G x signe (R,), - sections de différences énergétiques de départs prochesflointains, - sections énergétiques de départs proches et lointains, - regroupements en point-milieu commun, sont interprétées en termes d'occurrence de gaz et de changements de faciès des réservoirs. AVO positifs cohérents avec les modèles établis à partir des données des puits. de gaz et dans une meilleure évaluation des accumulations d'hydrocarbures. des réservoirs. Ensuite des visualisations spécifiques différentes des données sismiques traitées, telles que: On trouve que toutes les couches gazéifères de plus de 7 mètres rencontrées dans les puits présentent des effets Sur les structures non forées, les effets AVO positifs nous ont aidé dans l'estimation de la position des contacts Les techniques AVO fournissent aussi des informations précieuses concernant la délinéation des lithofaciès INTRODUCTION The A.V.O.
- South America > Argentina > Tierra del Fuego Province (0.73)
- South America > Argentina > Santa Cruz Province (0.62)
Abstract. Geochemical studies of numerous wells in Argentina offshore, close to the Magellan strait, have shown the presence of potential source-rocks in three Lower Cretaceous formations: Springhill continental shales, marine shales of the Inoceramus Inferior and Margas Verdes. Rather than the origin of the organic matter, the reducing depositional environment was a crucial factor in the genesis of these favourable organic facies. Marine Lower Cretaceous source-rocks are known elsewhere in the southern part of the South Atlantic. These source-rocks are immature in the eastern onshore part and in the near offshore. At present time, the beginning of the oil window is reached at about 2200-2500 m on the eastern flank of the Austral foredeep basin. The geochemical characteristics of the trapped oils show that they were generated by a manne type of organic matter (type II). A good geochemical correlation is established with the marine shales of the Inoceramus Inferior formation. Migration distances varying from 20 km to 150 km must be considered for these oils taking into account the location of the pools and the time of migration. The trapped gases show a thermogenic origin: they migrated from the deep western part of the Austral foredeep basin. The rather low source potential indices are compensated by large laterally drained areas and by the favourable conditions for migration existing in this pertroleum system. Résumé. L'étude géochimique de nombreux puits dans l'offshore Argentin près du détroit de Magellan a mis en évidence l'existence de roches-mères potentielles dans trois formations d'âge Crétacé inférieur. I1 s'agit des argiles continentales du Springhill et des argiles marines de l'Inoceramus Inferior et des Margas Verdes. Plus que le type de matière organique, le milieu de dépôt réducteur a été déterminant dans le développement de ces bons faciès. L'extension des roches-mères marines du Crétacé inférieur est connue dans la partie Sud de l'Atlantique Sud. Ces roches-mères sont et immatures dans la partie orientale du continent et dans le proche offshore. A l'état actuel, le début de fenêtre à huile est atteint à des profondeurs de l'ordre de 2200-2500 m sur le flanc Est du bassin Austral. Les caractéristiques des huiles accumulées montrent qu'elles ont été générées par une matière organique marine. Une bonne corrélation est établie avec les argiles marines de 1'Inoceramus Inferior. Pour les huiles, des distances de migration allant de 20 km à 150 km sont à considérer en fonction de la situation du gisement et de l'époque de la migration. Les gaz des gisements ont une origine thermogénique et ont migré d
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (1.00)
- South America > Argentina > Tierra del Fuego > Magallanes Basin (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Tierra del Fuego > Austral Basin (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Argentine Sea > Malvinas Basin (0.99)
- (10 more...)