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Abstract. In recent years most of the major oil companies in the world have suspended the research for chemical flooding techniques due to the low oil price in the international market. However, the laboratory study, pilot tests and expanded demonstration tests for chemical flooding have stili been developed very fast in China's onshore oil fields. The major results of research and field tests for EOR especially for chemical flooding in China during the last thirty years are reviewed in this paper. It is indicated that the research and application of EOR are of great importance and urgency to China's onshore oil industry based on the specific geological conditions and current performance of China's oil fields. The results of screening, potential and development strategy by using various EOR methods such as polymer flooding, surfactant flooding and miscible flooding are described. The research and field tests show that polymer flooding is the most successful technique in onshore oil fields and alkaline/surfactant/poiymer (ASP) flooding still keeps attractive in large potential of producing more oil, and miscible flooding exhibits the most prospective application in the light oil reservoirs discovered in the western part of China. Future prospects for commercial application of various EOR techniques, especially polymer flooding and ASP combination flooding, are introduced. INTRODUCTION Recently, as the oil prices in the international market drop, the research and pilot tests of EOR particularly on chemical flooding in many major oil producing countries have been suspended because of the high cost of techniques with reduced profits. Even as the annual production of the onshore oil industry has reached 140.0 million tons in 1995, ever increasing demand due to the rapidly growing national economy has continued to exceed supply. Considering that it is impossible to import a large amount of oil from abroad, attention has been directed at the exploration and development of domestic oil fields. Most proved reserves discovered recently however are the reservoirs with low permeability and high oil viscosity, making recovery extremely difficult. The new discoveries in the western part of China are located in a remote desert area, their production has been constrained by the long distance transportation, and the difficulty in increasing their output in recent years. With such circumstances, efforts are then focused to further develop the existing oil fields in eastern China, and accelerate further petroleum exploration at the same time. Most of the Chinese oil fields are located in continental basins, and characterized by serious heterogeneity and high oil viscosity. In these fields, water breakthrough occurs at an early stage mak
- Asia > China > Liaoning > Bohai Basin > Liaohe Basin > Liaohe Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Jilin > Yanji Basin > Jilin Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Hebei > Bohai Basin > Huabei Field (0.99)
- (12 more...)
The session, opened at 15:30 of 13 October 1997 in Hall B of China World Hotel's Conference Hall, was presided over by Chair WANG DEMIN. In his opening remarks, Mr. WANG emphasized the importance of technology in improving recovery of conventional crude oil. Presently, in the field of pro- duction, the most essential problem is still to maxi- mize the ultimate recovery in discovered reservoirs and to develop low permeability and viscous crude reservoirs. Improving oil recovery to its possible limits are the eternal theme for oil production. According to statistics up till now, the estimated proven reserves in the world of conventional crude are 145.3 billion tons, in which 58% are from sand- stone reservoir and 42% are from carbonate reservoir. The production rate is 9.5 million tons per day and 3.4 billion tons per year. Methods for increasing oil recovery have contin- uously improved from primary to secondary oil recovery methods, such as water injection and gas injection, to improved recovery methods, like water shutoff, infill drilling, horizontal wells and WAG process and so on, to enhanced oil recovery methods, including thermal, chemical, miscible and microbial recovery methods. Water injection has made us obtain a 34% recovery rate which is much higher than primary which is 10-15%; Low permeability reservoirs benefited from large-scale hydraulic frac- turing; The number of horizontal wells has been sig- nificantly increased in the oil fields all over the world and has brought distinct economic advantages and increased oil recovery; Polymer flooding will further increase oil recovery and chemical flooding tech- niques are also improving. The first speaker is Dr. ABDULAZIZ UBAID AL-KAABI (Research Institute of KFUPM, Saudi Arabia). He presented the research experience under- took at the institute of KFUPM concerning the major influence of rock mechanical parameters on the recovery of hydrocarbons from sandstone reservoirs, including fields with the potential for sand production as well as tight deep ones where hydrau- lic fracturing is often necessary to improve pro- duction rate and overall recovery. J. M. JOSHI asked whether the sand production prediction model-software packages has been evaluated by actual field test and how about its probability success. AL-KAABI said for NASPRO- the finite element model is evaluated in laboratory and as shown from the CT scan images, the model predicted the failure of the onset of sanding. For the other package-SANDRO was validated with field data. However because of the amount of data and availability of data it will always be like: complete data may have successful evaluation. E. C. GRIFFITH questioned what the main emphasis is going to be for experimentation and actual application of rock mechanics in the next decade compared
- Asia > China (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.24)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.70)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.69)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Heavy Oil Play (0.48)
- South America > Brazil > Rio Grande do Norte > South Atlantic Ocean > Potiguar Basin > Canto Do Amaro Field > Mossoro Sandstone Formation (0.99)
- Asia > China > Shandong > North China Basin > Shengli Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Heilongjiang > Songliao Basin > Daqing Field > Yian Formation (0.98)
- (3 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Chemical flooding methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (0.96)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Microbial methods (0.89)
[5]P12 Enhanced Oil Recovery by CO2 Flooding
Fulop, R. (Hungarian Oil and Gas Corportion, Hungary) | Biro, Z. (Hungarian Oil and Gas Corportion, Hungary) | Gombos, Z. (Hungarian Oil and Gas Corportion, Hungary) | Papay, J. (Hungarian Oil and Gas Corportion, Hungary) | Tramboczky, S. (Hungarian Oil and Gas Corportion, Hungary)
Abstract. CO, injection in Hungary has achieved a wide range of field application based on natural CO, resources. Carbon dioxide injection has been applied in different types of reservoirs: e.g. sandstone-, karstic-, and metamorphic. The flooding technology depends on oil properties and reservoir parameters and it is based on laboratory measurements, pilot tests and practical results. The technology in the case of sandstone reservoirs: the pressure of the reservoirs exploited by primary and/or secondary methods is increased by CO, gas injection which is about 20% above the hydrostatic pressure. During the injection moderate production takes place for the sake of better flooding. Afterwards carbon dioxide and water are injected periodically when the gas-water ratio is 1: 1 under reservoir conditions. The amount of CO, is 0.2 Vp (referring to the flooded pore volume), and the total amount together with the gas during the pressure increase period is about 0.5 Vp. At the end of WAG the amount of injected water is 0.5 Vp. It is followed by reservoir depletion. The process is immiscible. The oil is light, it has low viscosity and it is saturated. Flooding pressure is 100-200 bar. The additional recovery factor is 59%. The technology in the case of karstic reservoirs: the limestone-dolomite reservoirs were produced with active karstic water drive at the original reservoir pressure. The water cut was 97-98% when CO, injection was started. During the establishment of gas cap an oil belt is formed (due to gravity segregation) under the gasliquid contact, which was displaced downward. A part of this oil can be recovered through the production wells until gas breaks through. During the blowdown of the gas cap and after it the oil moves upwards, and it can be recovered due to the karstic water drive. The oil is heavy, it has moderate viscosity and is completely undersaturated. Flooding pressure is 200 bar. The process is immiscible. The additional recovery factor is 7-13%. The technology is the case of a metamorphite reservoir: the reservoir is a massive type (brecciazed metamorphites with lime and limestone). The CO, is injected at the top of the structure after natural waterflooding. The quantity of injected carbon dioxide is 0.37 Vp. During the injection, the production goes as normal. When the CO, gas breaks through, gas injection is ceased and produced back through the injection wells. The process is miscible. The oil is light, it has low viscosity. and is moderately undersatured. The expected additional recovery factor is about 5%-6%. INTRODUCTION Hungary possesses substantial reserves of natural gas with high concentration of carbon dioxide. The laboratory and pilot plant tests which aimed to discover the possibilities of practical use started as early as in the late 1950s. Several field-scale applications
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.78)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.76)
- Europe > Hungary > Szank Field (0.99)
- Europe > Hungary > Nagylengyel Field (0.99)
- Europe > Hungary > Lovaszi Field (0.99)
- (3 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Waterflooding (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Gas-injection methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Chemical flooding methods (1.00)